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Environmental assessment of Dhaka City (Bangladesh) based on trace metal contents in road dusts

Geochemical analysis of street dusts was conducted to evaluate the environment of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Dust samples were collected from different areas (industrial, commercial, and residential) of Dhaka City, and their major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) were determined. Samples from the commercial area had Pb concentrations double those of the industrial and residential areas. Contents of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the industrial areas were greater than those in the commercial and residential areas. The REE patterns of all dusts in Dhaka are similar and are comparable to the average upper continental crust. The condition of the Dhaka environment was compared to that in Japan and other baseline sediments using Zn–Fe₂O₃ and Pb–Fe₂O₃ diagrams. Zn–Fe₂O₃ trends for the dusts show steep inclination compared to the baseline sediment and the Japanese urban sediment trends. Dhaka lake data show enrichment of Zn over the dusts, suggestive of Zn pollution from poorly controlled industrial sources. In contrast, on the Pb–Fe₂O₃ diagram, Dhaka dusts have greater Pb contents than lake sediments, probably due to the higher traffic density in the commercial area compared to the residential area including the area around the lake. The results suggest that higher levels of Pb and Zn in street dusts in Dhaka can most likely be attributed to the anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions to the atmosphere and a rapid development.

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The authors thank Professor Yoshihiro Sawada of Shimane University, Japan for access to the XRF facilities, to Manabu Kaita of Shimane University for the REE analysis, and to Md. Mostafizur Rahman of Rajshahi University, Bangladesh for his cooperation in sampling. Part of the investigation was carried out under the Visiting Researchers Program of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Japan. We thank the Dhaka City Corporation Authority for the valuable support in sample collection.

1. Department of Geoscience, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan

   Faruque Ahmed, M. Hawa Bibi & Hiroaki Ishiga

1. Faruque Ahmed
2. M. Hawa Bibi
3. Hiroaki Ishiga

Correspondence to Faruque Ahmed.

Ahmed, F., Bibi, M.H. & Ishiga, H. Environmental assessment of Dhaka City (Bangladesh) based on trace metal contents in road dusts. Environ Geol 51, 975–985 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0367-1

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• Received: 21 April 2006

• Accepted: 05 June 2006

• Published: 24 June 2006

• Issue Date: January 2007

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0367-1

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