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Present environment and historic changes from the record of lake sediments, Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Changes in the urban environment of Dhaka City have been evaluated from the geochemical compositions of bottom sediments from two lakes, Gulshan-1 and −2. Abundances of Pb, Zn, Fe₂O₃ and total sulfur in a Gulshan-1 core gradually increase toward the sediment–water interface. Three stages of condition change can be recognized in Gulshan-1, based on trace metal concentration patterns. The basal Stage I corresponds to background Dhaka sedimentation, whereas gradual increase in Stage II represents the beginning of pollution. Marked increases in Pb and Zn in Stage III reflect rapid urban development and increased emissions to the atmosphere. The condition of the Dhaka environment is compared to that of Japan based on Zn–Fe₂O₃ and Pb–Fe₂O₃ relations. Zn–Fe₂O₃ ratios in Stage I Dhaka sediments are similar to normal Japanese sediments, whereas Stage II data lie on the same trend as Japan urban sediments. Dhaka Stage III samples have greater Zn:Fe₂O₃ ratios than Japanese urban sediments, suggesting Zn pollution from poorly-controlled industrial sources. In contrast, the Dhaka Pb–Fe₂O₃ trend lies between normal and urban Japanese sediments. Although vehicle emissions in Dhaka are now significant, the data suggest that Pb pollution from this source remains in its early stages.

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The authors thank Professor Yoshihiro Sawada of Shimane University for access to the XRF facilities, and to Manabu Kaita of Shimane University for the REE analysis. Dr. Barry Roser of Shimane University is acknowledged for his constructive review, which improved the manuscript considerably. The Gulshan Lake Authority gave permission to collect samples. The INAA analysis was carried out under the Visiting Research’s Program of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Japan.

1. Department of Geoscience, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan

   Faruque Ahmed, M. Hawa Bibi & Hiroaki Ishiga

2. Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

   M. Hussain Monsur

1. Faruque Ahmed
2. M. Hawa Bibi
3. M. Hussain Monsur
4. Hiroaki Ishiga

Correspondence to Faruque Ahmed.

Ahmed, F., Bibi, M.H., Monsur, M.H. et al. Present environment and historic changes from the record of lake sediments, Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Environ Geol 48, 25–36 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1248-8

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• Received: 16 January 2004

• Accepted: 04 January 2005

• Published: 11 May 2005

• Issue Date: June 2005

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1248-8

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