We are just beginning to understand the metabolism of heavy metals and to use their metabolic functions in biotechnology, although heavy metals comprise the major part of the elements in the periodic table. Because they can form complex compounds, some heavy metal ions are essential trace elements, but, essential or not, most heavy metals are toxic at higher concentrations. This review describes the workings of known metal-resistance systems in microorganisms. After an account of the basic principles of homoeostasis for all heavy-metal ions, the transport of the 17 most important (heavy metal) elements is compared.
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Similar content being viewed by others Explore related subjectsDiscover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning. Author information Authors and AffiliationsInstitut für Mikrobiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06099 Halle, Germany e-mail: d.nies@mikrobiologie.uni-halle.de Tel.: +49-345-5526352 Fax: +49-345-5527010, , , , , , DE
D. H. Nies
Received: 25 November 1998 / Received revision: 18 February 1999 / Accepted: 20 February 1999
About this article Cite this articleNies, D. Microbial heavy-metal resistance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51, 730–750 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051457
Issue Date: June 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051457
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