Isoniazid (INH) continues to be a highly effective drug in the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis; however, its use is associated with hepatotoxicity (predominantly hepatic necrosis) in 1–2% of individuals. The INH metabolites, acetylhydrazine and hydrazine, have each been implicated as the causative hepatotoxin in INH-induced hepatotoxicity. Using a model of INH-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits, in which INH-induced hepatotoxicity manifests as hepatic necrosis, hepatic steatosis (hepatic fat accumulation) and hypertriglyceridaemia (elevated plasma triglycerides), we compared the severity of these measures of toxicity with plasma levels of INH, acetylhydrazine and hydrazine. Plasma INH and acetylhydrazine were not correlated with markers of INH-induced hepatic necrosis or fatty changes. Plasma hydrazine at 32 h was correlated significantly with plasma argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASAL, a sensitive marker of hepatic necrosis) activity as area under the curve (r 2=0.54, P<0.002) and log plasma ASAL activity at 48 h after the first dose of INH (r 2=0.53, p<0.005), but not with fatty changes. These results show in this model of INH-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits that hydrazine, and not INH or acetylhydrazine, is most likely involved in the pathogenic mechanism of hepatic necrosis.
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Similar content being viewed by others Explore related subjectsDiscover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning. Author information Authors and AffiliationsPharmacology and therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C., Columbia, , , , , , XX
Troy C. Sarich, Mohammed Youssefi, Ting Zhou, Stephen P. Adams & Richard A. Wall
Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver B.C., V6T 1Z3 Canada, , , , , , CA
J. M. Wright
Received: 21 February 1996/Accepted: 30 April 1996
About this article Cite this articleSarich, T., Youssefi, M., Zhou, T. et al. Role of hydrazine in the mechanism of isoniazid hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Arch Toxicol 70, 835–840 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040050347
Issue Date: October 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040050347
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