Hybrid weakness is a reproductive barrier that is found in many plant species. In rice, the hybrid weakness caused by two complementary genes, Hwc1 and Hwc2, has been surveyed intensively. However, their gene products and the molecular mechanism that causes hybrid weakness have remained unknown. We performed linkage analyses of Hwc1, narrowed down the area of interest to 60 kb, and identified eight candidate genes. In the F2 population, in which both Hwc1 and Hwc2 genes were segregated, plants were separable into four classes according to their respective phenotypes: severe type, semi-severe type, F1 type, and normal type. Severe type plants show such severe symptoms that they could produce only tiny shoot-like structures; they were unable to generate roots. Genetic analyses using closely linked DNA markers of the two genes showed that the symptoms of the F2 plants were explainable by the genotypes of Hwc1 and Hwc2. Weakness was observed in plants that have both Hwc1 and Hwc2. In Hwc1 homozygote, the symptoms worsened and severe type or semi-severe type plants appeared. Consequently, Hwc1 should have a gene dosage effect and be a semi-dominant gene. The dosage effect of Hwc2 was recognizable, but it was not so severe as that in Hwc1. These results are useful to elucidate the mechanism that causes the hybrid weakness phenomenon and the role of each causal gene in hybrid weakness.
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We gratefully acknowledge Drs. Izumi Kono at STAFF and Masahiro Yano at NIAS for valuable technical advice. This work was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (Green Technology Project GD-2005), Japan.
Author information Authors and AffiliationsFaculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
Katsuyuki Ichitani, Keita Namigoshi & Muneharu Sato
Institute of Gene Research, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
Satoru Taura
School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
Misato Aoki, Yuichi Matsumoto, Toshiya Saitou & Tsutomu Kuboyama
School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
Wataru Marubashi
Correspondence to Katsuyuki Ichitani.
Additional informationCommunicated by Y. Xue.
Katsuyuki Ichitani and Tsutomu Kuboyama contributed equally to this paper.
About this article Cite this articleIchitani, K., Namigoshi, K., Sato, M. et al. Fine mapping and allelic dosage effect of Hwc1, a complementary hybrid weakness gene in rice. Theor Appl Genet 114, 1407–1415 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0526-0
Received: 12 July 2006
Accepted: 16 February 2007
Published: 21 March 2007
Issue Date: May 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0526-0
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