A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised e ± p scattering at HERA during the period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, Q 2, and in Bjorken x. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions, HERAPDF1.0, with small experimental uncertainties. This set includes an estimate of the model and parametrisation uncertainties of the fit result.
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I. Physikalisches Institut der RWTH, Aachen, Germany
H.-U. Martyn
Institute of Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
A. N. Barakbaev, E. G. Boos, N. S. Pokrovskiy & B. O. Zhautykov
NIKHEF and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
G. Grigorescu, A. Keramidas, E. Koffeman, P. Kooijman, A. Pellegrino, H. Tiecke, M. Vázquez & L. Wiggers
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439-4815, U.S.A.
S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, D. Nicholass, J. Repond & R. Yoshida
Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, M. Mudrinic, M. Pandurovic & I. Smiljanic
Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, 49104-0380, U.S.A.
M. C. K. Mattingly
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
J. Bracinik, I. R. Kenyon, P. R. Newman, R. N. Shaw-West & P. D. Thompson
INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy
P. Antonioli, G. Bari, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, F. Cindolo, M. Corradi, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, R. Nania & A. Polini
University and INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy
S. Antonelli, M. Basile, M. Bindi, L. Cifarelli, A. Contin, S. De Pasquale, G. Sartorelli & A. Zichichi
Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
D. Bartsch, I. Brock, H. Hartmann, E. Hilger, H.-P. Jakob, M. Jüngst, A. E. Nuncio-Quiroz, E. Paul, U. Samson, V. Schönberg, R. Shehzadi & M. Wlasenko
H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.
J. D. Morris
Inter-University Institute for High Energies ULB-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
J. Delvax, E. A. De Wolf, L. Favart, T. Hreus, X. Janssen, P. Marage, M. U. Mozer, R. Roosen, D. Sunar, T. Sykora & P. Van Mechelen
Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
J. Delvax, E. A. De Wolf, L. Favart, T. Hreus, X. Janssen, P. Marage, M. U. Mozer, B. Roland, R. Roosen, D. Sunar, T. Sykora & P. Van Mechelen
National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), Bucharest, Romania
F. D. Aaron, C. Alexa, M. Rotaru & G. Stoicea
Panjab University, Department of Physics, Chandigarh, India
M. Kaur, P. Kaur & I. Singh
Department of Engineering in Management and Finance, Univ. of the Aegean, Chios, Greece
I. Gialas & K. Papageorgiu
Physics Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, U.S.A.
N. Brümmer, B. Bylsma, L. S. Durkin, A. Lee & T. Y. Ling
Calabria University, Physics Department and INFN, Cosenza, Italy
M. Capua, S. Fazio, A. Mastroberardino, M. Schioppa, G. Susinno & E. Tassi
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
J. Chwastowski, A. Eskreys, A. Falkiewicz, J. Figiel, A. Galas, L. Goerlich, S. Mikocki, I. Milcewicz-Mika, G. Nowak, K. Olkiewicz, B. Pawlik, P. Sopicki, P. Stopa, J. Turnau & L. Zawiejski
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
L. Adamczyk, T. Bołd, I. Grabowska-Bołd, D. Kisielewska, J. Lukasik, M. Przybycień & L. Suszycki
Department of Physics, Jagellonian University, Cracow, Poland
A. Kotański & W. S lomiński
Kyungpook National University, Center for High Energy Physics, Daegu, South Korea
D. Son
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, U.K.
J. A. Coughlan, J. C. Hart, J. V. Morris & D. P. C. Sankey
Institut für Physik, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
D. South & D. Wegener
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
M. Kapichine, A. Makankine, A. Morozov, D. Nikitin, V. Palichik, V. Spaskov & V. Tchoulakov
INFN Florence, Florence, Italy
G. Barbagli & E. Gallo
University and INFN Florence, Florence, Italy
P. G. Pelfer
Fakultät für Physik der Universität Freiburg i.Br., Freiburg i.Br., Germany
A. Bamberger, D. Dobur, F. Karstens & N. N. Vlasov
CEA, DSM/Irfu, CE-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
G. Cozzika, J. Feltesse, E. Perez & L. Schoeffel
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K.
P. J. Bussey, A. T. Doyle, M. Forrest, D. H. Saxon & I. O. Skillicorn
Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
M. Brinkmann, S. Habib, U. Holm, R. Klanner, B. List, E. Lohrmann, H. Perrey, B. Pokorny, P. Schleper, T. Schörner-Sadenius, H. Stadie, J. Sztuk, T. Toll & M. Turcato
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
M. Al-daya Martin, B. Antunovic, O. Bachynska, W. Bartel, O. Behnke, J. Behr, U. Behrens, C. Blohm, K. Borras, D. Bot, G. Brandt, A. J. Campbell, A. Cholewa, R. Ciesielski, N. Coppola, M. Deák, G. Eckerlin, E. Elsen, S. Fang, R. Felst, D.-J. Fischer, M. Fleischer, J. Gayler, A. Geiser, S. Ghazaryan, A. Glazov, P. Göttlicher, M. Gouzevitch, J. Grebenyuk, I. Gregor, B. R. Grell, T. Haas, D. Haidt, W. Hain, C. Helebrant, A. Hüttmann, F. Januschek, H. Jung, B. Kahle, I. I. Katkov, J. Katzy, U. Klein, C. Kleinwort, A. Knutsson, U. Kötz, H. Kowalski, M. Kraemer, K. Krastev, K. Kutak, S. Levonian, V. Libov, K. Lipka, M. Lisovyi, J. List, E. Lobodzinska, B. Löhr, R. Mankel, Ll. Marti, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, A. B. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, S. Miglioranzi, A. Montanari, T. Namsoo, C. Niebuhr, A. Nikiforov, D. Notz, J. E. Olsson, I. Panagoulias, Th. Papadopoulou, A. Parenti, D. Pitzl, R. Plačakytė, V. Radescu, A. Raval, P. Roloff, I. Rubinsky, S. Schmitt, U. Schneekloth, F. Sefkow, A. Spiridonov, Z. Staykova, M. Steder, D. Szuba, J. Szuba, T. Theedt, J. Tomaszewska, A. Vargas Trevino, A. Verbytskyi, S. Vinokurova, M. von den Driesch, Ch. Wissing, G. Wolf, K. Wrona, E. Wünsch, A. G. Yagües-Molina, C. Youngman & W. Zeuner
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
A. Bunyatyan, V. Dodonov & B. Povh
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
M. Sauter & A. Schöning
Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
V. Aushev, E. Hennekemper, M. Herbst, A. W. Jung, K. Krüger, V. Lendermann, H.-C. Schultz-Coulon & K. Urban
Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University, Irvington on Hudson, New York, 10027, U.S.A.
Y. Ning, Z. Ren & F. Sciulli
Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences, and Kiev National University, Kiev, Ukraine
M. Borodin, I. Kadenko, Ie. Korol, O. Kuprash, D. Lontkovskyi, I. Makarenko, Yu. Onishchuk, A. Salii, Lu. Sorokin, V. Viazlo, O. Volynets, O. Zeniaev & M. Zolko
Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
D. Bruncko, V. Cerny, J. Ferencei, P. Murín & F. Tomasz
Jabatan Fizik, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Z. A. Ibrahim, B. Kamaluddin, F. Mohamad Idris & W. A. T. Wan Abdullah
Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea
J. Y. Kim
Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, U.K.
R. C. W. Henderson & T. Sloan
Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.
J. B. Dainton, E. Gabathuler, T. Greenshaw, M. Klein, T. Kluge, J. Kretzschmar, P. Laycock, S. J. Maxfield, A. Mehta, G. D. Patel & A. J. Rahmat
Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, London, U.K.
S. K. Boutle, J. M. Butterworth, T. W. Jones, J. H. Loizides & M. Wing
Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, U.K.
M. P. J. Landon, E. Rizvi, G. Thompson & D. Traynor
Imperial College London, High Energy Nuclear Physics Group, London, U.K.
K. R. Long & A. D. Tapper
Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
J. de Favereau & K. Piotrzkowski
Physics Department, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
L. Jönsson & S. Osman
Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, CINVESTAV, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
K. B. Cantun Avila, J. G. Contreras & J. E. Ruiz Tabasco
Departamento de Fisica, CINVESTAV, México City, Mexico
G. Herrera & R. Lopez-Fernandez
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, U.S.A.
E. Brownson, D. D. Reeder, A. A. Savin, W. H. Smith & H. Wolfe
Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
F. Barreiro, J. del Peso, C. Glasman, M. Jimenez, E. Ron, J. Terrón & C. Uribe-Estrada
CPPM, CNRS/IN2P3 - Univ. Mediterranee, Marseille, France
C. Diaconu, D. Hoffmann, E. Sauvan, T. N. Trinh & C. Vallée
Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2T8
F. Corriveau, J. Schwartz & C. Zhou
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
L. Bystritskaya, V. Efremenko, A. Fedotov, A. Kropivnitskaya, V. Lubimov, D. Ozerov, A. Petrukhin, A. Rostovtsev & A. Zhokin
Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
V. Andreev, A. Belousov, A. Eliseev, A. Fomenko, N. Gogitidze, A. Lebedev, N. Loktionova, E. Malinovski, S. Rusakov, L. N. Shtarkov, Y. Soloviev & Y. Vazdik
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
A. Antonov, B. A. Dolgoshein, D. Gladkov, V. Sosnovtsev, A. Stifutkin & S. Suchkov
Moscow State University, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia
R. K. Dementiev, P. F. Ermolov, L. K. Gladilin, Yu. A. Golubkov, L. A. Khein, I. A. Korzhavina, V. A. Kuzmin, B. B. Levchenko, O. Yu. Lukina, A. S. Proskuryakov, L. M. Shcheglova & D. S. Zotkin
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
I. Abt, G. Buschhorn, A. Caldwell, V. Chekelian, A. Dossanov, G. Grindhammer, C. Kiesling, R. Kogler, D. Kollar, A. Liptaj, A. Raspiareza, B. Reisert, W. B. Schmidke & S. Shushkevich
LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
J. C. Bizot, V. Brisson, B. Delcourt, M. Jacquet, G. Li, C. Pascaud, T. H. Tran, Z. Zhang & F. Zomer
Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, R. C. E. Devenish, J. Ferrando, B. Foster, C. Gwenlan, K. Horton, K. Oliver, A. Robertson & R. Walczak
INFN Padova, Padova, Italy
A. Bertolin, F. Dal Corso, S. Dusini, A. Longhin & L. Stanco
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and INFN, Padova, Italy
R. Brugnera, R. Carlin, A. Garfagnini & S. Limentani
LLR, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
V. Boudry, F. Moreau & A. Specka
LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
E. Barrelet
Faculty of Science, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
S. Backovic, A. Dubak, G. Laštovička-Medin, I. Picuric & N. Raicevic
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
J. Cvach, P. Reimer & J. Zálešák
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
K. Cerny, O. Pejchal, R. Polifka, D. Sálek, A. Valkárová & J. Žáček
Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
Y. Eisenberg, D. Hochman & U. Karshon
Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma Tre and INFN Roma 3, Roma, Italy
B. Stella
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università ’La Sapienza’ and INFN, Rome, Italy
G. D’Agostini, G. Marini & A. Nigro
Polytechnic University, Sagamihara, Japan
Y. Iga
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria
I. Tsakov
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Physics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
H. Abramowicz, R. Ingbir, S. Kananov, A. Levy & A. Stern
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
M. Ishitsuka, T. Kanno, M. Kuze & J. Maeda
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
R. Hori, N. Okazaki & S. Shimizu
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
R. Hamatsu, S. Kitamura, O. Ota & Y. D. Ri
Università di Torino and INFN, Torino, Italy
M. Costa, M. I. Ferrero, V. Monaco, R. Sacchi, V. Sola & A. Solano
Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, and INFN, Torino, Italy
M. Arneodo & M. Ruspa
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A7, Canada
S. Fourletov, J. F. Martin & T. P. Stewart
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
T. Matsumoto, K. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, S. Yamada & Y. Yamazaki
Institute of Physics and Technology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
K. Begzsuren, T. Ravdandorj & B. Tseepeldorj
Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, U.S.A.
B. Y. Oh & J. J. Whitmore
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
S. Egli, M. Hildebrandt & R. Horisberger
Warsaw University, Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw, Poland
B. Brzozowska, J. Ciborowski, G. Grzelak, P. Kulinski, P. Łużniak, J. Malka, R. J. Nowak, J. M. Pawlak, W. Perlanski & A. F. Żarnecki
Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland
M. Adamus, P. Plucinski & T. Tymieniecka
Fachbereich C, Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
K. Daum & H. Meyer
Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
A. Baghdasaryan, A. Bunyatyan, V. Volchinski & H. Zohrabyan
Meiji Gakuin University, Faculty of General Education, Yokohama, Japan
T. Tsurugai
Department of Physics, York University, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada
S. Bhadra, C. D. Catterall, G. Hartner, U. Noor & J. Whyte
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
V. Drugakov, I. Glushkov, H. Henschel, K. H. Hiller, P. Kostka, W. Lange, W. Lohmann, Th. Naumann, S. Piec & S. Schlenstedt
Institut für Teilchenphysik, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
C. Grab & T. Zimmermann
Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
K. Müller, K. Nowak, P. Robmann, U. Straumann & P. Truöl
Correspondence to S. Schmitt.
Additional informationAlso at Physics Department, National Technical University, Zografou Campus, GR-15773 Athens, Greece
Also at Rechenzentrum, Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
Also at University of P.J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovak Republic
Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Also at Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Also at Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Also at DESY and University Hamburg, Helmholtz Humboldt Research Award
Also at Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Also at Ulaanbaatar University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Also affiliated with University College London, U.K.
Now at Queen Mary University of London, U.K.
Also working at Max Planck Institute, Munich, Germany
Now at Institute of Aviation, Warsaw, Poland
Supported by the research grant No. 1 P03B 04529 (2005-2008)
This work was supported in part by the Marie Curie Actions Transfer of Knowledge project COCOS (contract MTKD-CT-2004-517186)
Now at DESY group FEB, Hamburg, Germany
Also at Moscow State University, Russia
Now at University of Liverpool, U.K.
On leave of absence at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Now at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Also at Institut of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
Also at INP, Cracow, Poland
Also at FPACS, AGH-UST, Cracow, Poland
Partially supported by Warsaw University, Poland
Partially supported by Moscow State University, Russia
Also affiliated with DESY, Germany
Now at Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo, Japan
Also at University of Tokyo, Japan
Now at Kobe University, Japan
Supported by DESY, Germany
Partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant No. 05-02-39028-NSFC-a
STFC Advanced Fellow
Nee Korcsak-Gorzo
This material was based on work supported by the National Science Foundation, while working at the Foundation.
Also at Max Planck Institute, Munich, Germany, Alexander von Humboldt Research Award
Now at Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Japan
Now at SunMelx Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Now at Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Now at University of Bonn, Germany
also Senior Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at Hamburg University
Also at Łódź University, Poland
Member of Łódź University, Poland
Now at Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Supported by Chonnam National University, South Korea, in 2009
Also at University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland
Supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), under contract numbers 05H09GUF, 05H09VHC, 05H09VHF and 05H16PEA
Supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), under contract numbers 05 HZ6PDA, 05 HZ6GUA, 05 HZ6VFA and 05 HZ4KHA
Supported by FNRS-FWO-Vlaanderen, IISN-IIKW and IWT and by Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme, Belgian Science Policy
Supported by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research, project No. DESY/256/2006 - 154/DES/2006/03
Partially Supported by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant PBS/DESY/70/2006
Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Supported by VEGA SR grant no. 2/7062/ 27
Supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council
Supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic under the projects LC527, INGO-1P05LA259 and MSM0021620859
Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation
Supported by CONACYT, México, grant 48778-F
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), grant no 1329.2008.2
This project is co-funded by the European Social Fund (75% and National Resources (25%) - (EPEAEK II) - PYTHAGORAS II
Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Supported in part by the MINERVA Gesellschaft für Forschung GmbH, the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 293/02-11.2) and the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation
Supported by the Israel Science Foundation
Supported by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN)
Supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and its grants for Scientific Research
Supported by the Korean Ministry of Education and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
Supported by the Netherlands Foundation for Research on Matter (FOM)
Partially supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
Supported by RF Presidential grant N 1456.2008.2 for the leading scientific schools and by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science through its grant for Scientific Research on High Energy Physics
Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through funds provided by CICYT
Supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council
Supported by the US Department of Energy
Supported by the US National Science Foundation. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education as a scientific project (2009-2010)
Supported by FNRS and its associated funds (IISN and FRIA) and by an Inter-University Attraction Poles Programme subsidised by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
Supported by an FRGS grant from the Malaysian government
deceased
ArXiv ePrint: 0911.0884
Rights and permissionsOpen Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article Cite this articleH1 and ZEUS collaborations., Aaron, F.D., Abramowicz, H. et al. Combined measurement and QCD analysis of the inclusive e ± p scattering cross sections at HERA. J. High Energ. Phys. 2010, 109 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2010)109
Received: 05 November 2009
Accepted: 19 December 2009
Published: 26 January 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2010)109
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