Home - News ( United States | United Kingdom | Italy | Germany ) - Football scores

Showing content from https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/BF02987712 below:

Phytotoxicity of fresh and weathered diesel and gasoline to willow and poplar trees

The toxicity of fresh and weathered gasoline and diesel fuel to willow and poplar trees was studied using a tree transpiration toxicity test. Soils were taken from an abandoned filling station. Concentrations in the samples were measured as the sum of hydrocarbons from C₅ to C₁₀ (gasoline) and C₁₂ to C₂₈ (diesel). Concentrations ranged from 145 to 921 mg/kg gasoline and 143 to 18231 mg/kg diesel. The correlation between log soil concentration and toxicity to willows(Salix viminalis x schwerinii) was highly significant for the diesel fraction (r²=0.81, n=19) and for the sum of hydrocarbons (r²=0.84, n=19). The EC₅₀ (50% inhibition of transpiration) for the sum of hydrocarbons was determined at 3910 mg/kg (95% C.I., 2900 to 5270 mg/kg) and followed a log-normally distributed sigmoidal curve. The EC₁₀ was 810 mg/kg (95% C.I., 396 to 1660 mg/kg). The results were verified with artificially mixed diesel and gasoline contaminated soils, and two willow and one poplar species(S. viminalis, S. alba and Populus nigra). Fresh diesel at about 1000 mg/kg showed no effect onS. alba, althoughP. nigra was more sensitive. 10000 mg/kg seriously affected the transpiration of all species, silver willow(S. alba) being the least sensitive. Free phase diesel killed all trees within six weeks. Fresh gasoline at 1000 mg/kg was deadly for all trees, hence was more toxic than weathered gasoline. Survival of poplars and willows planted at the abandoned filling station was compared to the laboratory findings. There was some correlation, but in the field, trees also suffered from other stress factors than fuel pollution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Springer+ Basic

€34.99 /Month

• Get 10 units per month
• Download Article/Chapter or eBook
• 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
• Cancel anytime

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

• Andersen H (1994): Statistical methods for evaluation of toxicity of waste- water. M.Sc. Thesis 7/94. Institute for Mathematical Statistic and Operation Analysis. Technical University of Denmark (in Danish)

• ARAL (2001): Information from the web server of ARAL, March 2001 at www.aral.de (in German)

• Christensen ER, NyholmN (1984): Ecotoxicological assays with algae: Weibull dose-response curve. Environ Sci Technol18, 713–718

  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

• US-EPA Environmental Protection Agency (2000): Introduction to phytoremediation. EPA-report EPA/600/R-99/107. May 2000 at http://clu-in.org/techpuhs.htm

• Erickson LE, Kulakow PA, Davis LC (2000): Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. In: Looney BB and Falta RW (eds): Vadose zone science and technology solutions. Batelle Press, Columbus, Ohio

  Google Scholar 

• Green BT, Wiberg CT, Woodruff JL, Miller EW, Poage VL, Childress DM, Feulner JA, Prosch SA, Runkel JA, Wanderscheid RL, Wierma MD, Yang X, Choe HT, Mercurio SD (1996): Phytotoxicity observed inTradescantia correlates with diesel fuel contamination in soil. Environ Exp Bot36, 313–321

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Grosse W, Jovy K, TiebelH (1996): Influence of plants on redox potential and methane production in water-saturated soil. Hydrobiologica340, 93–99

  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

• Hulzebos EM, Adema DMM, Dirven-van Breemen EM, HenzenL, van Dis WA, Herbold HA, Hoekstra JA, BaerselmanR, van Gestel CAM (1993) Phytotoxicity studies withLactuca sativa in soil and nutrient solution. Environ Toxicol Chem12, 1079–1094

  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

• ISO International Organization for Standardization (1997) Water quality — Fresh water algal growth test withScenedesmus subspicatus andRaphidocelis subcapitata. ISO Standard 8692. International Organization for Standardization, Geneve, Switzerland

• Karthikeyan R, Davis LC, Mankin KR, Erickson LE, Kulakow PA (1999): Biodegradation of jet fuel (JP-8) in the presence of vegetation. Proceedings Conference on Hazardous Waste Research 1999, 243–256

  Google Scholar 

• Mackay D, Shiu WY, Ma KC (1993); Illustrated handbook of physical- chemical properties and environmental fate for organic chemicals. Vol III. Lewis Pub, Boca Raton, USA

  Google Scholar 

• Miljøstyrelsen (1998): Analyse af Olie i Jord ved GC-FID. Vand Kvalitets Instituttet, Interlaboratorieundersøgelse, Maj 1998, Rapport Juli 1998

• Omnicyber (2001) web site at http://www.omnicyber.org/Bio/HTML/ S/Salicaceae.html (April 2001)

• Qui X, Leland TW, Shah SI, Sorensen DL, Kendall EW (1997): Field study: grass remediation for clay soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ACS Symposium Series 664, ed by Kruger, Anderson & Coats, chapter14: 186–199. American Chemical Society, Washington DC

  Google Scholar 

• RippenG (2000): Handbuch Umweltchemikalien. Ecomed publishers, Landsberg am Lech, Germany

  Google Scholar 

• Schnoor JL (1997): Phytoremediation. Technology evaluation report to the ground-water remediation technologies center. August 2000 at http://www.gwrtac.org/pdf/phyto e.pdf

• Trapp S, Mc Farlane C, MatthiesM (1994): Model for uptake of xenobiotics into plants — Validation with bromacil experiments. Environ Toxicol Chem13, 413–422

  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

• Trapp S, Zambrano KC, Kusk KO, KarlsonU (2000): A phytotoxicity test using willow. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol39, 154–160

  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

1. Environment & Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

   Stefan Trapp & Kim C. Zambrano

2. Candidate of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Germany

   Almut Köhler

3. Hedeselskabet Miljø og Energi A/S, Ringstedvej 20, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark

   Lars C. Larsen & Kim C. Zambrano

4. Dept. of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, National Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark

   Ulrich Karlson

1. Stefan Trapp
2. Almut Köhler
3. Lars C. Larsen
4. Kim C. Zambrano
5. Ulrich Karlson

Correspondence to Stefan Trapp.

Trapp, S., Köhler, A., Larsen, L.C. et al. Phytotoxicity of fresh and weathered diesel and gasoline to willow and poplar trees. J Soils Sediments 1, 71–76 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987712

Download citation

• Received: 15 March 2001

• Accepted: 07 July 2001

• Issue Date: June 2001

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987712

RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue

Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo

HTML: 3.2 | Encoding: UTF-8 | Version: 0.7.4