Askew B. M. (1962) Hyperpyrexia as a contributory factor in the toxicity of amphetamine to aggregated mice.Br. J. Pharmacol. 19, 245–257.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Badiani A., Simona C., and Puglisi-Allegra S. (1992) Chronic stress induces strain-dependent sensitization to the behavioral effects of amphetamine in the mouse.Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 43, 53–60.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Battaglia G., Yeh S. Y., O’Hearn E., Molliver M. E., Kuhar M. J., and de Souza E. B. (1987) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 3,4-methylendioxyamphetamine destroy serotonin terminals in rat brain: quantification of neurodegeneration by measurement [³H]paroxetine-labeled serotonin uptake sites.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 242, 911–916.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Becker J. B., Robinson T. E., and Lorenz D. A. (1982) Sex differences and estrous cycle variations in amphetamine-elicited rotational behavior.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 80, 65–72.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Boehme R. E. and Ciaranello R. D. (1982) Genetic control of dopamine and serotonin receptors in brain regions in inbred mice.Brain Res. 266, 51–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bowyer J. F., Tank A. W., Newport G. D., Slikker W. Jr., Ali S. F., and Holson R. R. (1992) The influence of environmental temperature on the transient effects of methamphetamine on dopamine levels and dopamine release in rat striatum.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 260, 817–824.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bowyer J. F., Davies D. L., Schmued L., Broening H. W., Newport G. D., Slikker W. Jr., and Holson R. R. (1994) Further studies of the role of hyperthermia in methamphetamine neurotoxicity.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268, 1571–1580.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bushnell P. J. (1986) Differential effects of amphetamine and related compounds on locomotor activity and metabolic rate in mice.Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 25, 161–170.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Busto R. W., Dietrich W. D., Globus M. Y.-T., and Ginsberg M. D. (1989) The importance of brain temperature in cerebral ischemic injury.Stroke 20, 1113,1114.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chance M. R. A. (1946) Aggregation as a factor influencing the toxicity of sympathomimetic amines in mice.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 87, 214–219.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Commins D. L., Vosmer G., Virus R. M., Woolverton W. L., Schuster C. R., and Seiden L. A. (1987) Biochemical and histological evidence that methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) is toxic to neurons in the rat brain.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 241, 338–345.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fay T. (1959) Early experiences with local and generalized refrigeration of human brain.J. Neurosurg. 16, 239–246.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fuller R. W. (1978) Neurochemical effects of serotonin neurotoxins: an introduction, inSerotonin Neurotoxins (Jacoby J. H. and Lytle L. D., eds.), New York Academy of Science, New York, pp. 178–181.

Google Scholar 

Gold L. H., Koob G. F., and Geyer M. A. (1988) Stimulant and hallucinogenic behavioral profiles of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and n-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in rats.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 247, 547–555.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gordon C. J., Watkinson W. P., O’Callaghan J. P., and Miller D. B. (1991) Effects of 3,4-methyene-dioxymethamphetamine on autonomic thermoregulatory responses of the the rat.Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 38, 339–344.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Heikkila R. E., Hess A., and Duvoisin R. C. (1984) Dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice.Science 224, 1451–1453.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Herman J.-P., Stinus M., and Le Moal M. (1984) Repeated stress increases locomotor response to amphetamine.Psychopharmacology 84, 431–435.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hohn R. and Lasagna L. (1960) Effects of aggregation and temperature on amphetamine toxicity in mice.Psychopharmacologia 1, 210–220.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kleven M. S. and Seiden L. S. (1989) D-, L-, and DL-fenfluramine cause long-lasting depletions of serotonin in rat brain.Brain Res. 505, 351–353.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee C.-M., Javitch J. A., and Snyder S. H. (1983) Recognition sites for norepinephrine uptake: regulation by neurotransmitter.Science 220, 626–629.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lesch K. P., Aulakh C. S., Wolozin B. L., Tolliver T. J., Hill J. L., and Murphy D. L. (1993) Regional brain expression of serotonin transporter mRNA and its regulation by reuptake inhibiting antidepressants.Mol. Brain Res. 17, 31–35.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Logan B. J., Laverty L., Sanderson W. D., and Yee Y. B. (1988) Differences between rats and mice in MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) neurotoxicity.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 152, 227–234.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Miller D. B. and O’Callaghan J. P. (1993) The interactions of MK-801 with the amphetamine analogues d-methamphetamine d-METH, 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA) or d-fenfluramine (d-FEN): neural damage and neural protection.Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 679, 321–324.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Miller D. B. and O’Callaghan J. P. (1994) Environment-, drug- and stress-induced alterations in body temperature affect the neurotoxicity of substituted amphetamines in the C57BL/6J mouse.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 270, 752–760.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Miller D. B., Jensen K. F., and O’Callaghan J. P. (1991) Effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fenfluramine (FFA) on motor activity, body temperature and weight— characteristics of acute and repeated dosing.Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 17, Part 2, 1428.

Google Scholar 

O’Callaghan J. P. (1991) Quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein: comparison of slotimmunobinding assays with a novel sandwich ELISA.Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 13, 275–281.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

O’Callaghan J. P. (1993) Quantitative features of reactive gliosis following toxicant-induced damage of the CNS.Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 679, 195–210.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

O’Callaghan J. P. and Miller D. B. (1993) Quantification of reactive gliosis as an approach to neurotoxicity assessment, inAssessing Neurotoxicity of Drugs of Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse Monograph 136 (Erinoff L., ed.), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 188–212.

Google Scholar 

O’Callaghan J. P. and Miller D. B. (1994) Neurotoxicity profiles of substituted amphetamines in the C57BL/6J mouse.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 270, 741–751.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pechnick R. N., Wong C. A., George R., Thurkauf J., and Rice K. C. (1989) Comparison of the effects of the acute administration of dexoxadrol, levoxadrol, MK-801 and phencyclidine on body temperature in the rat.Neuropharmacology 28, 829–835.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ricaurte G., Bryan G., Strauss L., Seiden L., and Schuster C. (1985) Hallucinogenic amphetamine selectively destroys brain serotonin nerve terminals.Science 229, 986–988.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

SAS Institute, Inc. (1986) SAS User’s Guide: Statistics.

Schmidt C. J. (1987) Neurotoxicity of the psychedelic amphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 240, 1–7.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Severson J. A., Randall P. K., and Finch E. E. (1981) Genotypic influences on striatal dopaminergic regulation in mice.Brain Res. 210, 201–215.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Smith P. K., Kronh R. I., hermanson G. T., Mallia A. K., Gartner F. H., Provenzano M. D., Fujimot E. K., Oson B. J., and Klenk D. C. (1985) Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid.Anal. Biochem. 150, 76–85.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sonsalla P. K. and Heikkila R. E. (1988) Neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine in several strains of mice.Prog. Neuro. Biol. Psychiat. 12, 345–352.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sonsalla P. K., Nicklas W. J., and Heikkila R. E. (1989) Role for excitatory amino acids in methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity.Science 243, 398–400.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stone D. M., Hanson G. R., and Gibb J. W (1987) Differences in the central serotonergic effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mice and rats.Neuropharmacology 26, 1657–1661.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wagner J., Ricaurte G. A., Seiden L. S., Schuster C. R., Miller R. J., and Westely J. (1980) Long-lasting depletion of striatal dopamine and loss of dopamine uptake sites following repeated administration of methamphetamine.Brain Res. 181, 151–160.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Widmann R., Miyazawa A., and Hossmann K.-A. (1993) Protective effect of hypothermia on hippocampal injury after 30 minutes of forebrain ischemia in rats is mediated by postischemic recovery of protein synthesis.J. Neurochem. 61, 200–209.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zheng Y. W. and Laverty R. (1993) Neurotoxic effects of MDMA in different strains of mice.Proc. Univ. Otago Med. Sch. 71, 5,6.

Google Scholar