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Microtubule organization and morphogenesis of stomata in caffeine-affected seedlings ofZea mays

Treatment ofZea mays seedlings with a 5 mM caffeine solution inhibits cytokinesis in guard cell mother cells (GMCs), producing unicellular, binucleate aberrant stomata (a-stomata). Ventral wall (VW) strips of limited length, which usually meet the wall portions of GMCs adjoining the cortical zone of the preprophase microtubule band (PMB), are laid down in many a-stomata.

In a-stomata with or without VW-strips, the periclinal walls are lined by numerous microtubules (Mts) converging on their mid-region, where local wall thickenings are deposited. When the VW-strips reach the mid-region of the periclinal walls, thickenings lined by numerous Mts rise at their free margins. In certain a-stomata an anticlinal wall column, surrounded by a dense Mt bundle, grows centripetally from either or both of the periclinal wall thickenings. In wall thickenings, the cellulose microfibrils are co-aligned with the adjacent Mts. Pore formation is initiated in all a-stomata. Deposition of an electron dense intra-wall material followed by lysis precedes “pore” opening. This process is closely related to the a-stornata morphogenesis. These observations show that the primary morphogenetic phenomenon in a-stomata is the establishment of an intense and stable polarity in the cytoplasm abutting on the mid-region of the periclinal walls and/or the adjacent plasmalemma area. Prime morphogenetic factor(s), including microtubule organizing centres (MTOCs), seem to function in these sites. Morphogenesis in a-stomata is a Mt-dependent process that is carried out as in normal stomata but in the absence of a VW.

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a-stomata unicellular:

binucleate aberrant stomata

CIPC:

chlorisopropyl-N-phenyl carbamate

GC:

guard cell

GMC:

guard cell mother cell

Mt:

microtubule

MTOC:

microtubule organizing centre

PMB:

preprophase microtubule band

VW:

ventral wall

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1. Institute of General Botany, University of Athens, GR-15784, Athens, Greece

   B. Galatis & P. Apostolakos

1. B. Galatis
2. P. Apostolakos

Galatis, B., Apostolakos, P. Microtubule organization and morphogenesis of stomata in caffeine-affected seedlings ofZea mays . Protoplasma 165, 11–26 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01322273

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• Received: 18 April 1991

• Accepted: 26 June 1991

• Issue Date: February 1991

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01322273

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