Alstermark B, Lundberg A, Norrsell U, Sybirska E (1981) Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 9. Differential behavioural defects after spinal cord lesions interrupting defined pathways from higher centres to motoneurones. Exp Brain Res 42: 299–318

Google Scholar 

Barbas H, Pandya DN (1987) Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the Rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 256: 211–228

Google Scholar 

Fulton JF (1934) Forced grasping and grasping in relation to the syndrome of the premotor area. Arch Neurol Psychiat 31: 221–235

Google Scholar 

Gentilucci M, Scandolara C, Pigarev IN, Rizzolatti G (1983) Visual responses in the postarcuate cortex (area 6) of the monkey that are independent of eye position. Exp Brain Res 50: 464–468

Google Scholar 

Godschalk M, Lemon RN, Nijs HGT, Kuypers HGJM (1981) Behaviour of neurons in monkey peri-arcuate and precentral cortex before and during visually guided arm and hand movements. Exp Brain Res 44: 113–116

Google Scholar 

Godschalk M, Lemon RN, Kuypers HGJM, Ronday HK (1984) Cortical afferents and efferents of monkey postarcuate area: an anatomical and electrophysiological study. Exp Brain Res 56: 410–424

Google Scholar 

Halsband U, Passingham R (1982) The role of premotor and parietal cortex in the direction of action. Brain Res 240: 368–372

Google Scholar 

Humphrey DR (1979) On the cortical control of visually directed reaching: contributions by nonprecentral motor areas. In: Talbot RE, Humphrey DR (eds) Posture and movement. Raven Press, New York, pp 51–112

Google Scholar 

Hyvärinen J (1982) The parietal cortex of monkey and man. Studies of brain function, Vol 8. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 202 p

Google Scholar 

Illert M, Lundberg A, Tanaka R (1976) Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 1. Pyramidal effects on motoneurons. Exp Brain Res 26: 509–519

Google Scholar 

Illert M, Lundberg A, Tanaka R (1977) Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 3. Convergence on propriospinal neurones transmitting disynaptic excitation from the corticospinal tract and other descending tracts. Exp Brain Res 29: 323–346

Google Scholar 

Künzle H (1978) An autoradiographic analysis of the efferent connections from premotor and adjacent prefrental regions (area 6 and 9) in Macaca fascicularis. Brain Behav Evol 15: 185–234

Google Scholar 

Kurata K, Tanji J (1986) Premotor cortex neurons in macaques: activity before distal and proximal forelimb movements. J Neurosci 6: 403–411

Google Scholar 

Kwan HC, MacKay WA, Murphy JT, Wong YC (1978) Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. II. Motor outputs. J Neurophysiol 41: 1120–1131

Google Scholar 

Lemon RN, Porter R (1976) Afferent input to movement-related precentral neurones in conscious monkeys. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 194: 313–339

Google Scholar 

Lemon RN, Hanby JA, Porter R (1976) Relationship between the activity of precentral neurones during active and passive movements in conscious monkeys. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 194: 341–373

Google Scholar 

Lynch JC (1980) The functional organization of posterior parietal association cortex. Behav Brain Sci 3: 485–534

Google Scholar 

Martino AM, Strick PL (1987) Corticospinal projections originate from the arcuate premotor area. Brain Res 404: 307–312

Google Scholar 

Matelli M, Luppino G, Rizzolatti G (1985) Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey. Behav Brain Res 18: 125–137

Google Scholar 

Matelli M, Camarda R, Glickstein M, Rizzolatti G (1986) Afferent and efferent projections of the inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 251: 281–298

Google Scholar 

Matsumura M, Kubota K (1979) Cortical projection of hand-arm motor area from postarcuate area in macaque monkey: a histological study of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Neurosci Lett 11: 241–246

Google Scholar 

Moll L, Kuypers HGJM (1977) Premotor cortical ablation in monkeys: contralateral changes in visually guided reaching behavior. Science 198: 317–319

Google Scholar 

Mountcastle VB, Lynch JC, Georgopoulos A, Sakata H, Acuna C (1975) Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space. J Neurophysiol 38: 871–908

Google Scholar 

Muakkassa KF, Strick PL (1979) Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex: evidence for four somatotopically organized “premotor” areas. Brain Res 177: 176–182

Google Scholar 

Murray EA, Coulter GD (1981) Organization of cortico-spinal neurons in the monkey. J Comp Neurol 195: 339–365

Google Scholar 

Penfield W, Welch K (1951) Supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex. Arch Neurol Psychiat 66: 289–317

Google Scholar 

Petrides M (1982) Motor conditional associative-learning after selective prefrontal lesions in the monkey. Behav Brain Res 5: 407–413

Google Scholar 

Phillips GC, Porter R (1977) Corticospinal neurones. Their role in movement. Academic Press, London, 450 p

Google Scholar 

Pigarev IN, Rodionova EI (1986) Neurons with visual receptive fields independent of eye position in the caudal part of the ventral bank of cat cruciate sulcus. Neurophysiology (Kiev) 18: 800–804

Google Scholar 

Rizzolatti G, Scandolara C, Gentilucci M, Camarda R (1981a) Response properties and behavioral modulation of “mouth” neurons of the postarcuate cortex (area 6) in macaque monkeys. Brain Res 255: 421–424

Google Scholar 

Rizzolatti G, Scandolara C, Matelli M, Gentilucci M (1981b) Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. I. Somato-sensory responses. Behav Brain Res 2: 125–146

Google Scholar 

Rizzolatti G, Scandolara C, Matelli M, Gentilucci M (1981c) Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. II. Visual responses. Behav Brain Res 2: 147–163

Google Scholar 

Rizzolatti G, Camarda R, Fogassi L, Gentilucci M, Luppino G, Matelli M (1988) Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. II. Area F5 and the control of distal movements. Exp Brain Res 71: 491–507

Google Scholar 

Sessle BJ, Wiesendanger M (1982) Structural and functional definition of the motor cortex in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Physiol (Lond) 323: 245–265

Google Scholar 

Strick PL (1985) How do the basal ganglia and cerebellum gain access to the cortical motor areas? Behav Brain Res 18: 107–123

Google Scholar 

Toyoshima K, Sakai H (1982) Exact cortical extent of the origin of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the quantitative contribution to the CST in different cytoarchitectonic areas. A study with horseradish peroxidase in the monkey. J Hirnforsch 23: 257–269

Google Scholar 

Wannier TMJ, Tollte M, Hepp-Reymond MC (1986) On the problem of multiple hand representation in area 4 of the alert Macaca fascicularis. Experientia 42: 711

Google Scholar 

Weinrich M, Wise SP (1982) The premotor cortex of the monkey. J Neurosci 2: 1329–1345

Google Scholar 

Weinrich M, Wise SP, Mauritz KH (1984) A neurophysiological study of the premotor cortex in the Rhesus monkey. Brain 107: 385–414

Google Scholar 

Wise SP (1985) The primate premotor cortex: past, present and preparatory. Annu Rev Neurosci 8: 1–19

Google Scholar 

Wong YC, Kwan HC, MacKay WA, Murphy JT (1978) Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. I. Somatosensory inputs. J Neurophysiol 41: 1107–1119

Google Scholar 

Woolsey CN, Settlage PH, Meyer DR, Sencer W, Pinto Hamuy T, Travis AM (1952) Patterns of localization in precentral and “supplementary” motor areas and their relation to the concept of a premotor area. Res Publ Assoc Nerv Ment Dis 30: 238–264

Google Scholar