Home - News ( United States | United Kingdom | Italy | Germany ) - Football scores

Showing content from https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/BF00170168 below:

Costs of maternal care: infant-carrying in baboons

Infant-carrying, the most costly form of primate parental care other than lactation, was investigated in savannah baboons of Amboseli, Kenya. Measurements of physical growth, counts and length of paces, and simultaneous records of carrying and locomotion were used to evaluate the time, distance, and energetic expenditure of infant-carrying. Finally, we modeled the energetics of independent infant locomotion and considered ontogenetic patterns in the alternative energetic costs of carrying versus independent infant locomotion under assumptions of complete nutritional dependency. The youngest infants were carried by their mothers during all travel and foraging, for a total of 8–10 km/day. By 8 months of age, both carrying time and distance were almost zero. However, daily carrying distance, unlike carrying time, did not decline in the first few months, because older infants were carried disproportionately during rapid travel and, consequently, for greater travel distances per unit carrying time. Females of low dominance rank carried their infants the most; the highest ranking mothers not only carried their infants least but biased their carrying against sons. Although carrying a growing infant is an increasingly costly behavior, during the period of nutritional dependence energetic costs to the mother are appreciably greater if an infant travels independently instead of being carried by its mother. Yet infants increased locomotor independence at a younger age than predicted by a simple model of maternal energetic efficiency. Trade-offs in energetic economy may enhance a mother's future reproduction at the expense of her present infant, may enhance survival of the present infant by promoting early acquisition of developmentally essential skills, or may suggest the importance of additional factors that influence the mother's and infant's behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Springer+ Basic

€34.99 /Month

• Get 10 units per month
• Download Article/Chapter or eBook
• 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
• Cancel anytime

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

• Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227–267

  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Altmann J (1980) Baboon mothers and infants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

  Google Scholar 

• Altmann J (1983) Costs of reproduction in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) In: Aspey WP, Lustick SI (eds) Behavioral energetics: the cost of survival in vertebrates. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, pp 67–88

  Google Scholar 

• Altmann J, Alberts S (1987) Body mass and growth rates in a wild primate population. Oecologia 72:15–20

  Google Scholar 

• Altmann J, Altmann SA, Hausfater G, McCuskey S (1977) Life history of yellow baboons: physical development, reproductive parameters, and infant mortality. Primates 18:315–330

  Google Scholar 

• Altmann J, Altmann S, Hausfater G (1981) Physical maturation and age estimates of yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus, in Amboseli National Park. Am J Primatol 1:389–399

  Google Scholar 

• Altmann J, Hausfater G, Altmann SA (1988) Determinants of reproductive success in savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus). In: Clutton-Brock TH (ed) Reproductive success: studies in individual variation of contrasting breeding systems. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 403–418

  Google Scholar 

• Altmann SA (1987) The impact of locomotor energetics on mammalian foraging. J Zool (Lend) 211:215–225

  Google Scholar 

• Altmann SA, Altmann J (1970) Baboon ecology: African field research. Karger, Basel; University of Chicago Press, Chicago

  Google Scholar 

• DeVore I (1963) Mother-infant relations in free-ranging baboons. In: Rheingold HL (ed) Maternal behavior in mammals. Wiley, New York, pp 305–335

  Google Scholar 

• DeVore I, Hall KRL (1965) Baboon ecology. In: DeVore I (ed) Primate behavior: field studies of monkeys and apes. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp 20–52

  Google Scholar 

• Dunbar RIM, Dunbar IP (1988) Maternal time budgets of gelada baboons. Anim Behav 36:970–980

  Google Scholar 

• Eley R, Strum SC, Muchemi G, Reid GDF (1989) Nutrition, body condition, activity patterns, and parasitism of free-ranging troops of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Kenya. Am J Primatol 18:209–219

  Google Scholar 

• Gould SJ (1975) Allometry in primates, with emphasis on scaling and the evolution of the brain. In: Szalay FS (ed) Approaches to primate paleobiology. (Contrib Primatol 5th edn) Karger, Basel, pp 244–292

  Google Scholar 

• Hamilton WJ III (1982) Baboon sleeping site preferences and relationships to primate grouping patterns. Am J Primatol 3:41–53

  Google Scholar 

• Hausfater G (1975) Dominance and reproduction in baboons (Papio cynocephalus): a quantitative analysis. (Contrib Primatol 7) Karger, Basel

  Google Scholar 

• Hausfater G, Meade BJ (1982) Alternation of sleeping groves by yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) as a strategy for parasite avoidance. Primates 23:287–297

  Google Scholar 

• Hausfater G, Altmann J, Altmann S (1982) Long-term consistency of dominance relations among female baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Science 217:752–755

  Google Scholar 

• Herreid CF, Full RJ (1988) Energetics and locomotion. In: Burggren WW, McMahon BR (eds) Biology of the land crabs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 333–377

  Google Scholar 

• Johnson RL (1986) Mother-infant contact and maternal maintenance activities among free-ranging rhesus monkeys. Primates 27:191–203

  Google Scholar 

• Nash LT (1978) The development of the mother-infant relationship in wild baboons (Papio anubis). Anim Behav 26:746–759

  Google Scholar 

• Nicolson NA (1982) Weaning and the development of independence in olive baboons. PhD thesis. Harvard University, Cambridge

  Google Scholar 

• Nicolson NA (1987) Infants, mothers, and other females. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT (eds) Primate societies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 330–342

  Google Scholar 

• Paine PR, Waterlow JC (1971) Relative energy requirements for maintenance, growth and physical activity. Lancet 2:210–211

  Google Scholar 

• Post DG (1978) Feeding and ranging behavior of the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus). PhD thesis, Yale University, New Haven

  Google Scholar 

• Ransom TW, Rowell TE (1972) Early social development of feral baboons. In: Poirier FE (ed) Primate socialization. Random House, New York, pp 105–144

  Google Scholar 

• Rasmussen K (1979) Some developmental markers in yellow baboon infants of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. Primates 20:591–594

  Google Scholar 

• Rhine RJ, Norton GW, Westlund BJ (1984) The waning of dependence in infant free-ranging yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Mikumi National Park. Am J Primatol 7:213–228

  Google Scholar 

• Rhine RJ, Norton GW, Wynn GM, Wynn RD (1985) Weaning of free-ranging infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus) as indicated by one-zero and instantaneous sampling of feeding. Int J Primatol 6:491–499

  Google Scholar 

• Rowell TE (1964) The habit of baboons in Uganda. Proc East Afr Acad 2:121–127

  Google Scholar 

• SAS Institute (1985) SAS/STAT Guide for personal computers (Version 6 edn). Cary, North Carolina

  Google Scholar 

• Sigg H, Stolba A, Abegglen J-J, Dasser V (1982) Life history of hamadryas baboons: physical development, infant mortality, reproductive parameters and family relationships. Primates 23:473–487

  Google Scholar 

• Smuts BB, Nicolson N (1990) Reproduction in wild female olive baboons. Am J Primatol 19:229–246

  Google Scholar 

• Stoltz LP, Saayman GS (1970) Ecology and behaviour of baboons in the northern Transvaal. Ann Transvaal Mus 26:99–143

  Google Scholar 

• Strum SC, Western JD (1982) Variations in fecundity with age and environment in olive baboons (Papio anubis). Am J Primatol 3:61–76

  Google Scholar 

• Taylor CR, Heglund NC, McMahon TA, Looney TR (1980) Energetic cost of generating muscular force during running: a comparison of large and small animals. J Exp Biol 86:9–18

  Google Scholar 

• Taylor CR, Heglund NC, Maloiy GMO (1982) Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals. J Exp Biol 97:1–21

  Google Scholar 

• Whitten PL (1982) Female reproductive strategies among vervet monkeys. PhD thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge

  Google Scholar 

Download references

1. Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 940 East 57th Street, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA

   Jeanne Altmann

2. Department of Conservation Biology, Chicago Zoological Society, 60513, Brookfield, IL, USA

   Jeanne Altmann & Amy Samuels

3. Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya

   Jeanne Altmann & Amy Samuels

1. Jeanne Altmann
2. Amy Samuels

Offprint requests to: J. Altmann

Altmann, J., Samuels, A. Costs of maternal care: infant-carrying in baboons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 29, 391–398 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170168

Download citation

• Received: 08 January 1991

• Accepted: 09 June 1991

• Issue Date: February 1992

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170168

RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue

Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo

HTML: 3.2 | Encoding: UTF-8 | Version: 0.7.4