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Showing content from https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/164_2018_127 below:

Emergence, Diversity, and Control of New Psychoactive Substances: A Global Perspective

Abstract

The phenomenon of new psychoactive substances (NPS), which came to the attention of the wider international community at the beginning of the 2010s, has been unprecedented in terms of the sheer number of substances, their rate of emergence, chemical diversity, and range of pharmacological effects. In particular, the chemical diversity has been a challenge to promoting a better understanding of the NPS market – a fundamental requirement for effective policy decisions and interventions. This manuscript highlights the significant chemical diversity of NPS and describes an alternative, complementary, and pragmatic classification based on pharmacological effects, which aligns NPS to traditional controlled drugs and enhances understanding of the phenomenon. It further reviews actions taken at the international level to address the NPS issue, including changes in the scope of control of some NPS and the enhancement of the United Nations Early Warning Advisory on NPS to deal with the dynamics and evolution of the market.

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Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations
25B-NBOMe:

2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine

25C-NBOMe:

2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine

25I-NBOMe:

2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine

4,4′-DMAR:

4-Methyl-5-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-amine

4Br-alpha-PVP:

1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one

4Cl-alpha-PVP:

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one

4F-alpha-PVP:

1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one

4-MEC:

2-Ethylamino-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one

5F-APINACA:

N-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

Acetylfentanyl:

N-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide

AH-7921:

3,4-Dichloro-N-((1-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)methyl)benzamide

alpha-PVP:

1-Phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one

AM-2201:

[1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone

APINACA (AKB-48):

N-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

Benzylpiperazine:

1-(Phenylmethyl)piperazine

Butyrfentanyl:

N-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutyramide

CP-47,497:

rel-2-((1R,3S)-3-Hydroxycyclohexyl)-5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol

Ethcathinone:

2-(Ethylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one

Ethylone:

1-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)propan-1-one

Ethylphenidate:

Ethyl-2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate

JWH-018:

Naphthalen-1-yl(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone

MDMB-CHMICA:

Methyl N-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]carbonyl}-3-methyl-L-valinate

MDPV:

1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one

Mephedrone:

2-(Methylamino)-1-(p-tolyl)propan-1-one

Methiopropamine:

N-Methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-amine

Methoxetamine:

2-(Ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanone

Methylone:

1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one

MT-45:

1-Cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine

Pentedrone:

2-(Methylamino)-1-phenylpentan-1-one

PMMA:

1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine

U-47700:

3,4-Dichloro-N-((1S,2S)-2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide

UR-144:

(1-Pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone

XLR-11:

[1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone

References

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Author information Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory and Scientific Section, Research and Trend Analysis Branch, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria

    Justice N. A. Tettey, Conor Crean, Susan C. Ifeagwu & Martin Raithelhuber

Authors
  1. Justice N. A. Tettey
  2. Conor Crean
  3. Susan C. Ifeagwu
  4. Martin Raithelhuber
Corresponding author

Correspondence to Justice N. A. Tettey .

Editor information Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany

    Hans H. Maurer

  2. School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

    Simon D. Brandt

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter Cite this chapter

Tettey, J.N.A., Crean, C., Ifeagwu, S.C., Raithelhuber, M. (2018). Emergence, Diversity, and Control of New Psychoactive Substances: A Global Perspective. In: Maurer, H., Brandt, S. (eds) New Psychoactive Substances . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 252. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2018_127

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