NotesOn n’a jamais dit, en Afrique, que tout était fini.
Bugeaud
A. Dirk Moses (ed.), Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History (New York: Berghahn, 2008), p. 24.
I am extremely grateful to an anonymous reviewer for pointing out the aptness of comparing the case of New Caledonia (annexed by France in 1853) with that of Algeria, given the similarity of instances of ‘large-scale deaths, land despoliation, [and] refoulement’ in both cases, detailed further in Jean Guiart, La Terre et le sang des morts: la confrontation entre blancs et noirs dans le Pacifique sud français (Paris: Editions Anthropos, 1983).
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, ‘Coming to Our Senses: Anthropology and Genocide’ in Alexander Laban Hinton (ed), Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), pp. 348–81, p. 366.
Jürgen Zimmerer, ‘Colonialism and the Holocaust: Towards an Archaeology of Genocide’, in A. Dirk Moses (ed), Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History (New York: Berghahn, 2004), pp. 49–76, p. 50.
Anne Habeich, ‘“Clearing the Wheat Belt”: Erasing the Aboriginal Presence in the Southwest of Western Australia’, in Moses, A. Dirk (ed) Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History (New York: Berghahn, 2004), pp. 267–89, 267–68.
Paul R. Bartrop, ‘Punitive Expeditions and Massacres: Gippsland, Colorado and the Question of Genocide’, in Moses A. Dirk (ed) Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History (New York: Berghahn, 2004), pp. 194–216, p. 196.
Ben Kiernan, Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur (Yale: Yale University Press, 2007), pp. 364–74.
Kuper, Leo, ‘Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century’, in Alexander Laban Hinton (ed), Genocide: An Anthropological Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002), pp. 48–73, p. 51.
Pamela Watson, ‘Passed Away? The Fate of the Karuwali’, in Moses A. Dirk (ed) Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History (New York: Berghahn, 2004), pp. 174–93, p. 189.
Pierre Vidal-Nacquet, Les Crimes de l’armée française (Paris: La Découverte, 2001); Yves Bénot, Massacres Coloniaux: La IVè Répbublique et la mise au pas des colonies françaises (Paris: La Découverte, 2005); Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–62, 3rd edn (London: Pan, 2002); Amar Belkhodja, Barbarie coloniale en Afrique (Algiers: Editions ANEP, 2002) and Robert Fisk, The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East (London: Harper Perennial, 2006), pp. 631–719.
James McDougall, ‘Savage Wars? Codes of violence in Algeria, 1830s–1990s’, Third World Quarterly, 26–1 (2005), 117–131; James McDougall, History and the Culture of Nationalism in Algeria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
See William Gallois, The Administration of Sickness: Medicine and Ethics in Nineteenth-Century Algeria (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 93–134.
François Maspéro, L’Honneur de St. Arnaud (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1995), p. 247.
Charles-Robert Ageron, Histoire de l’Algérie Contemporaine, 8th edn (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983), p. 16.
Much of which is cited in William Gallois, ‘Dahra and the History of Early Colonial Violence in Algeria’, in Martin Thomas (ed) The French Colonial Mind, 2 vols (II), pp. 3–25.
Annie Rey-Goldzeiguer, Le Royaume arabe: la politique algérienne de Napoléon III, 1861–1870 (Algiers: SNED, 1977), p. 457.
Bruce Fetter, Demography from Scanty Evidence: Central Africa in the Colonial Era (Boulder: Lynne Reiner, 1990); Judith L. Richell, Disease and Demography in Colonial Burma (Copenhagen: NIAS, 2006); W. George Lovell, Demography and Empire: A Guide to the Population History of Spanish Central America, 1500–1821 (Boulder: Westview, 1995).
Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World (London: Verso, 2001), p. 6.
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