Kastanozems are one of the Reference Soil Groups of “zonal” soils and are found mostly in the short grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a brownish humus-rich surface horizon (less deep and less black than that of the Chernozems) and they show prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates in the sub(surface) soil. The chestnut-brown color of the surface soil gives their name “Kastanozem”. In Turkey, Kastanozems usually occur in regions where the climate is relatively cool in winter and hot in summer, under the grassland, bushland, and the cultivated lands which are recently gained by deforestation. Kastanozems are mostly characterized by the accumulation of calcium carbonate to the subsurface horizon and humus-rich dark brown surface horizon development. They can be observed in Thrace, Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean and Eastern Anatolia regions of Turkey and they are mostly developed over calcareous and sedimentary rocks. The Kastanozems profiles in Turkey have mostly A-B-C horizon designation with the calcic horizon. But sometimes calcic horizon is not observed in some profiles. There can be observed a cambic or argic B horizon and with lime/gypsum accumulation in or below their B horizon. They have a shallow profile and have adequate organic matter levels. Kastanozems occupy about 10.7% of Turkish lands in association with Rendzic Fluvisol/Haplic Cambisol/Luvic Kastanozems (7.5%), Haplic Kastanozems/Haplic Cambisol (3.2%), and Dystric Leptosol/Haplic Kastanozem (0.036%).
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Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
Ertuğrul Aksoy, Gökhan Özsoy & Ekin Ulaş Karaata
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Duygu Boyraz
Correspondence to Ertuğrul Aksoy .
Editor information Editors and AffiliationsDepartment of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
Selim Kapur
School of Technical Sciences, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey
Erhan Akça
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
Hikmet Günal
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter Cite this chapterAksoy, E., Özsoy, G., Karaata, E.U., Boyraz, D. (2018). Kastanozems. In: Kapur, S., Akça, E., Günal, H. (eds) The Soils of Turkey. World Soils Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64392-2_14
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Published: 01 October 2017
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