Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging has been developed as a non-invasive method for quantitative illustration of tissue stiffness or displacement. Conventional ARFI imaging (2–10 MHz) has been implemented in commercial scanners for illustrating elastic properties of several organs. The image resolution, however, is too coarse to study mechanical properties of micro-sized objects such as cells. This article thus presents a high-frequency coded excitation ARFI technique, with the ultimate goal of displaying elastic characteristics of cellular structures. Tissue mimicking phantoms and zebrafish embryos are imaged with a 100-MHz lithium niobate (LiNbO3) transducer, by cross-correlating tracked RF echoes with the reference. The phantom results show that the contrast of ARFI image (14 dB) with coded excitation is better than that of the conventional ARFI image (9 dB). The depths of penetration are 2.6 and 2.2 mm, respectively. The stiffness data of the zebrafish demonstrate that the envelope is harder than the embryo region. The temporal displacement change at the embryo and the chorion is as large as 36 and 3.6 μm. Consequently, this high-frequency ARFI approach may serve as a remote palpation imaging tool that reveals viscoelastic properties of small biological samples.
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This study has been supported by NIH grants # P41-EB2182 and #R01-EB012058-01A1.
Author information Authors and AffiliationsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
Jinhyoung Park, Sien Ting Lau, Changyang Lee & K. Kirk Shung
Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye 447-1, Nowon, Seoul, 139-701, Korea
Jungwoo Lee
Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
Ying Huang
Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
Ching-Ling Lien
Correspondence to Jungwoo Lee.
Additional informationAssociate Editor Joel D. Stitzel oversaw the review of this article.
About this article Cite this articlePark, J., Lee, J., Lau, S.T. et al. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Imaging of Zebrafish Embryo by High-Frequency Coded Excitation Sequence. Ann Biomed Eng 40, 907–915 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0466-3
Received: 02 September 2011
Accepted: 06 November 2011
Published: 19 November 2011
Issue Date: April 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0466-3
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