Historically, the investigations of electromyography (EMG) pattern recognition-based classification of intentional movements for control of multifunctional prostheses have adopted the filter cut-off frequency and sampling rate that are commonly used in EMG research fields. In practical implementation of a multifunctional prosthesis control, it is desired to have a higher high-pass cut-off frequency to reduce more motion artifacts and to use a lower sampling rate to save the data processing time and memory of the prosthesis controller. However, it remains unclear whether a high high-pass cut-off frequency and a low-sampling rate still preserve sufficient neural control information for accurate classification of movements. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-pass cut-off frequency and sampling rate on accuracy in identifying 11 classes of arm and hand movements in both able-bodied subjects and arm amputees. Compared to a 5-Hz high-pass cut-off frequency, excluding the EMG components below 60 Hz decreased the average accuracy of 0.1% in classifying the 11 movements across able-bodied subjects and increased the average accuracy of 0.1 and 0.4% among the transradial (TR) and shoulder disarticulation (SD) amputees, respectively. Using a 500 Hz instead of a 1-kHz sampling rate, the average classification accuracy only dropped about 2.0% in arm amputees. The combination of sampling rate and high-pass cut-off frequency of 500 and 60 Hz only resulted in about 2.3% decrease in average accuracy for TR amputees and 0.4% decrease for SD amputees in comparison to the generally used values of 1 kHz and 5 Hz. These results suggest that the combination of sampling rate of 500 Hz and high-pass cut-off frequency of 60 Hz should be an optimal selection in EMG recordings for recognition of different arm movements without sacrificing too much of classification accuracy which can also remove most of motion artifacts and power-line interferences for improving the performance of myoelectric prosthesis control.
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The authors would like to thank Dr. Todd Kuiken at Neural Engineering Center for Artificial Limbs, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, USA, for supplying the raw EMG data from SD amputees for this study. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant #60971076, Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF) #GHP/031/08, the Shenzhen Governmental Basic Research Grand #JC200903160393A, and grants from Guangdong Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System, Guangdong Province #2009A060800016 and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation. We also thank the industrial sponsors Standard Telecommunication Ltd., Jetfly Technology Ltd., Golden Meditech Company Ltd., Bird International Ltd., Bright Steps Corporation and PCCW for their supports to the ITF project.
Author information Authors and AffiliationsKey Lab for Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Shenzhen, China
Guanglin Li, Long Yu & Yanjuan Geng
Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
Guanglin Li, Long Yu & Yanjuan Geng
Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Yaonan Li
Correspondence to Guanglin Li.
Additional informationAssociate Editor Thurmon E. Lockhart oversaw the review of this article.
About this article Cite this articleLi, G., Li, Y., Yu, L. et al. Conditioning and Sampling Issues of EMG Signals in Motion Recognition of Multifunctional Myoelectric Prostheses. Ann Biomed Eng 39, 1779–1787 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0265-x
Received: 07 October 2010
Accepted: 27 January 2011
Published: 04 February 2011
Issue Date: June 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0265-x
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