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Showing content from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10439-005-1438-2 below:

Smelling Renal Dysfunction via Electronic Nose

The human body odor plays an important role in social communication in various situations, like the olfactory identification of partners and relatives as well as in parents–child interactions. In patients with renal dysfunction the compound of sweat and volatile gases is changed because of the limited ability for removing metabolic products from the blood. The regulation of electrolyte composition and acid–base balance are also altered so that the body odor of these patients may be significantly influenced by these disorders. We show the ability of an electronic nose to detect changes in the human body odor in consequence of renal dysfunction by reducing multivariate sensor signals with principal component analysis to its first and second principal odor component (POC). All healthy subjects could clearly be distinguished from patients with renal failure using quadratic discriminant analysis, whereas a correct classification of 95.2% (98.4% using 1st–3rd POC) of patients between end stage renal failure and chronic renal failure was found. This methodology of analyzing human body odor may also provide new approaches for investigating symptoms of renal failure and for diagnosing other diseases of internal or cutaneous origin.

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Download references

1. Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany

   Andreas Voss (Prof. Dr.) & Vico Baier

2. Jenasensoric e.V., Am Planetarium 5, Germany

   Renate Reisch & Horst Ahlers

3. Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany

   Katharina von Roda & Günter Stein

4. Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany

   Peter Elsner

5. University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745, Jena, Germany

   Andreas Voss (Prof. Dr.)

1. Andreas Voss
2. Vico Baier
3. Renate Reisch
4. Katharina von Roda
5. Peter Elsner
6. Horst Ahlers
7. Günter Stein

Correspondence to Andreas Voss.

Voss, A., Baier, V., Reisch, R. et al. Smelling Renal Dysfunction via Electronic Nose. Ann Biomed Eng 33, 656–660 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-1438-2

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• Received: 14 May 2004

• Accepted: 19 November 2004

• Issue Date: May 2005

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-1438-2

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