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Showing content from https://libsodium.gitbook.io/doc/secret-key_cryptography/secret-key_authentication below:

Authentication | Libsodium documentation

1. Secret-key cryptography

#define MESSAGE (const unsigned char *) "test"
#define MESSAGE_LEN 4

unsigned char key[crypto_auth_KEYBYTES];
unsigned char mac[crypto_auth_BYTES];

crypto_auth_keygen(key);
crypto_auth(mac, MESSAGE, MESSAGE_LEN, key);

if (crypto_auth_verify(mac, MESSAGE, MESSAGE_LEN, key) != 0) {
    /* message forged! */
}

This operation computes an authentication tag for a message and a secret key, and provides a way to verify that a given tag is valid for a given message and a key.

The function computing the tag deterministic: the same (message, key) tuple will always produce the same output.

However, even if the message is public, knowing the key is required in order to be able to compute a valid tag. Therefore, the key should remain confidential. The tag, however, can be public.

A typical use case is:

• A prepares a message, add an authentication tag, sends it to B

• A doesn’t store the message

• Later on, B sends the message and the authentication tag to A

• A uses the authentication tag to verify that it created this message.

This operation does not encrypt the message. It only computes and verifies an authentication tag.

int crypto_auth(unsigned char *out, const unsigned char *in,
                unsigned long long inlen, const unsigned char *k);

The crypto_auth() function computes a tag for the message in, whose length is inlen bytes, and the key k. k should be crypto_auth_KEYBYTES bytes. The function puts the tag into out. The tag is crypto_auth_BYTES bytes long.

int crypto_auth_verify(const unsigned char *h, const unsigned char *in,
                       unsigned long long inlen, const unsigned char *k);

The crypto_auth_verify() function verifies that the tag stored at h is a valid tag for the message in whose length is inlen bytes, and the key k.

It returns -1 if the verification fails, and 0 if it passes.

void crypto_auth_keygen(unsigned char k[crypto_auth_KEYBYTES]);

This helper function introduced in libsodium 1.0.12 creates a random key k.

It is equivalent to calling randombytes_buf() but improves code clarity and can prevent misuse by ensuring that the provided key length is always be correct.

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