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Showing content from https://librepathology.org/wiki/Pleural_effusion below:

Pleural effusion - Libre Pathology

Pleural effusion in a diagram. (WC/CRUK)

Pleural effusion is accumulation of fluid within the potential space around the lung. It has a longer differential diagnosis.^[1][2]

The pathology of pleural fluids is dealt with in the mesothelial cytopathology article.

• Pneumonia.
• Congestive heart failure.
• End-stage renal disease.
• Liver cirrhosis.^[3]
• Nephrotic syndrome - various underlying causes.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus.^[2]
• Tuberculosis.
• Benign asbestos-related pleural effusion.^[4]
• Others.

• Meigs syndrome.

• Malignant mesothelioma.^[5]
• Lung adenocarcinoma.
• Metastatic disease.
  • Breast adenocarcinoma.^[6]
  • Colorectal adenocarcinoma.
  • Gastric adenocarcinoma.
  • Renal cell carcinoma.^[7]
• Others.

• Lung.
• Pneumothorax.
• Mesothelial cytopathology - deals with pleural fluid specimens.

1. ↑ Na, MJ. (May 2014). "Diagnostic tools of pleural effusion.". Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 76 (5): 199-210. doi:10.4046/trd.2014.76.5.199. PMID 24920946.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Light, RW. (Nov 2011). "Pleural effusions.". Med Clin North Am 95 (6): 1055-70. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.005. PMID 22032427.
3. ↑ Porcel, JM.; Mas, E.; Reñé, JM.; Bielsa, S. (Dec 2013). "[Hepatic hydrothorax: report of a series of 77 patients].". Med Clin (Barc) 141 (11): 484-6. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2013.06.017. PMID 24018252.
4. ↑ Myers, R. (Jul 2012). "Asbestos-related pleural disease.". Curr Opin Pulm Med 18 (4): 377-81. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328354acfe. PMID 22617814.
5. ↑ Karpathiou, G.; Stefanou, D.; Froudarakis, ME. (Aug 2015). "Pleural neoplastic pathology.". Respir Med 109 (8): 931-43. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.05.014. PMID 26048082.
6. ↑ Agalioti, T.; Giannou, AD.; Stathopoulos, GT. (Jun 2015). "Pleural involvement in lung cancer.". J Thorac Dis 7 (6): 1021-30. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.04.23. PMID 26150915.
7. ↑ Agrawal, A.; Sahni, S.; Iftikhar, A.; Talwar, A. (Oct 2015). "Pulmonary manifestations of renal cell carcinoma.". Respir Med. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.10.002. PMID 26525375.

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