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Showing content from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapinfoheader below:

BITMAPINFOHEADER (wingdi.h) - Win32 apps

[The feature associated with this page, DirectShow, is a legacy feature. It has been superseded by MediaPlayer, IMFMediaEngine, and Audio/Video Capture in Media Foundation. Those features have been optimized for Windows 10 and Windows 11. Microsoft strongly recommends that new code use MediaPlayer, IMFMediaEngine and Audio/Video Capture in Media Foundation instead of DirectShow, when possible. Microsoft suggests that existing code that uses the legacy APIs be rewritten to use the new APIs if possible.]

The BITMAPINFOHEADER structure contains information about the dimensions and color format of a device-independent bitmap (DIB).

Note  This structure is also described in the GDI documentation. However, the semantics for video data are slightly different than the semantics used for GDI. If you are using this structure to describe video data, use the information given here.

typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER {
  DWORD biSize;
  LONG  biWidth;
  LONG  biHeight;
  WORD  biPlanes;
  WORD  biBitCount;
  DWORD biCompression;
  DWORD biSizeImage;
  LONG  biXPelsPerMeter;
  LONG  biYPelsPerMeter;
  DWORD biClrUsed;
  DWORD biClrImportant;
} BITMAPINFOHEADER, *LPBITMAPINFOHEADER, *PBITMAPINFOHEADER;

biSize

Specifies the number of bytes required by the structure. This value does not include the size of the color table or the size of the color masks, if they are appended to the end of structure. See Remarks.

biWidth

Specifies the width of the bitmap, in pixels. For information about calculating the stride of the bitmap, see Remarks.

biHeight

Specifies the height of the bitmap, in pixels.

• For uncompressed RGB bitmaps, if biHeight is positive, the bitmap is a bottom-up DIB with the origin at the lower left corner. If biHeight is negative, the bitmap is a top-down DIB with the origin at the upper left corner.
• For YUV bitmaps, the bitmap is always top-down, regardless of the sign of biHeight. Decoders should offer YUV formats with positive biHeight, but for backward compatibility they should accept YUV formats with either positive or negative biHeight.
• For compressed formats, biHeight must be positive, regardless of image orientation.

biPlanes

Specifies the number of planes for the target device. This value must be set to 1.

biBitCount

Specifies the number of bits per pixel (bpp). For uncompressed formats, this value is the average number of bits per pixel. For compressed formats, this value is the implied bit depth of the uncompressed image, after the image has been decoded.

biCompression

For compressed video and YUV formats, this member is a FOURCC code, specified as a DWORD in little-endian order. For example, YUYV video has the FOURCC 'VYUY' or 0x56595559. For more information, see FOURCC Codes.

For uncompressed RGB formats, the following values are possible:

BI_RGB

BI_BITFIELDS

See Remarks for more information. Note that BI_JPG and BI_PNG are not valid video formats.

For 16-bpp bitmaps, if biCompression equals BI_RGB, the format is always RGB 555. If biCompression equals BI_BITFIELDS, the format is either RGB 555 or RGB 565. Use the subtype GUID in the AM_MEDIA_TYPE structure to determine the specific RGB type.

biSizeImage

Specifies the size, in bytes, of the image. This can be set to 0 for uncompressed RGB bitmaps.

biXPelsPerMeter

Specifies the horizontal resolution, in pixels per meter, of the target device for the bitmap.

biYPelsPerMeter

Specifies the vertical resolution, in pixels per meter, of the target device for the bitmap.

biClrUsed

Specifies the number of color indices in the color table that are actually used by the bitmap. See Remarks for more information.

biClrImportant

Specifies the number of color indices that are considered important for displaying the bitmap. If this value is zero, all colors are important.

The

structure may be followed by an array of palette entries or color masks. The rules depend on the value of

.

• If biCompression equals BI_RGB and the bitmap uses 8 bpp or less, the bitmap has a color table immediately following the BITMAPINFOHEADER structure. The color table consists of an array of RGBQUAD values. The size of the array is given by the biClrUsed member. If biClrUsed is zero, the array contains the maximum number of colors for the given bitdepth; that is, 2^biBitCount colors.
• If biCompression equals BI_BITFIELDS, the bitmap uses three DWORD color masks (red, green, and blue, respectively), which specify the byte layout of the pixels. The 1 bits in each mask indicate the bits for that color within the pixel.
• If biCompression is a video FOURCC, the presence of a color table is implied by the video format. You should not assume that a color table exists when the bit depth is 8 bpp or less. However, some legacy components might assume that a color table is present. Therefore, if you are allocating a BITMAPINFOHEADER structure, it is recommended to allocate space for a color table when the bit depth is 8 bpp or less, even if the color table is not used.

When the

is followed by a color table or a set of color masks, you can use the

structure to reference the color table of the color masks. The

structure is defined as follows:

typedef struct tagBITMAPINFO {
    BITMAPINFOHEADER bmiHeader;
    RGBQUAD          bmiColors[1];
} BITMAPINFO;

If you cast the BITMAPINFOHEADER to a BITMAPINFO, the bmiHeader member refers to the BITMAPINFOHEADER and the bmiColors member refers to the first entry in the color table, or the first color mask.

Be aware that if the bitmap uses a color table or color masks, then the size of the entire format structure (the BITMAPINFOHEADER plus the color information) is not equal to sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) or sizeof(BITMAPINFO). You must calculate the actual size for each instance.

In an uncompressed bitmap, the stride is the number of bytes needed to go from the start of one row of pixels to the start of the next row. The image format defines a minimum stride for an image. In addition, the graphics hardware might require a larger stride for the surface that contains the image.

For uncompressed RGB formats, the minimum stride is always the image width in bytes, rounded up to the nearest DWORD. To calculate the stride and image size, you can use the GDI_DIBWIDTHBYTES and/or GDI_DIBSIZE macros, or the following formula:

stride = ((((biWidth * biBitCount) + 31) & ~31) >> 3);
biSizeImage = abs(biHeight) * stride;

For YUV formats, there is no general rule for calculating the minimum stride. You must understand the rules for the particular YUV format. For a description of the most common YUV formats, see Recommended 8-Bit YUV Formats for Video Rendering.

Decoders and video sources should propose formats where biWidth is the width of the image in pixels. If the video renderer requires a surface stride that is larger than the default image stride, it modifies the proposed media type by setting the following values:

• It sets biWidth equal to the surface stride in pixels.
• It sets the rcTarget member of the VIDEOINFOHEADER or VIDEOINFOHEADER2 structure equal to the image width, in pixels.

Then the video renderer proposes the modified format by calling

on the upstream pin. For more information about this mechanism, see

.

If there is padding in the image buffer, never dereference a pointer into the memory that has been reserved for the padding. If the image buffer has been allocated in video memory, the padding might not be readable memory.

DirectShow Structures

VIDEOINFOHEADER Structure

VIDEOINFOHEADER2 Structure

Working with Video Frames

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