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Showing content from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/lower-transact-sql below:

LOWER (Transact-SQL) - SQL Server

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW) SQL analytics endpoint in Microsoft Fabric Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric

Returns a character expression after converting uppercase character data to lowercase.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

LOWER ( character_expression )

Arguments

character_expression
Is an expression of character or binary data. character_expression can be a constant, variable, or column. character_expression must be of a data type that is implicitly convertible to varchar. Otherwise, use CAST to explicitly convert character_expression.

Return Types

varchar or nvarchar

Examples

The following example uses the LOWER function, the UPPER function, and nests the UPPER function inside the LOWER function in selecting product names that have prices between $11 and $20.

-- Uses AdventureWorks  
  
SELECT LOWER(SUBSTRING(EnglishProductName, 1, 20)) AS Lower,   
       UPPER(SUBSTRING(EnglishProductName, 1, 20)) AS Upper,   
       LOWER(UPPER(SUBSTRING(EnglishProductName, 1, 20))) As LowerUpper  
FROM dbo.DimProduct  
WHERE ListPrice between 11.00 and 20.00;

Here's the result set.

Lower                 Upper                  LowerUpper  
--------------------  ---------------------  --------------------  
minipump              MINIPUMP               minipump  
taillights - battery  TAILLIGHTS - BATTERY   taillights - battery