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Showing content from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/native-client/sql-server-native-client below:

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)

SQL Server Native Client, also known as SNAC or SQLNCLI, refers to the ODBC and OLE DB drivers for SQL Server, prior to SQL Server 2022 (16.x).

Information on the SQL Server Native Client features released with SQL Server 2012 (11.x), the last available version of SQL Server native Client:

ODBC in SQL Server Native Client supports three features that were added to standard ODBC in the Windows 7 SDK:

Asynchronous execution on connection-related operations. For more information, see Asynchronous Execution.
C data type extensibility. For more information, see C Data Types in ODBC.

To support this feature in SQL Server Native Client, SQLGetDescField can return SQL_C_SS_TIME2 (for time types) or SQL_C_SS_TIMESTAMPOFFSET (for datetimeoffset) instead of SQL_C_BINARY, if your application uses ODBC 3.8. For more information, see Data Type Support for ODBC Date and Time Improvements.
Calling SQLGetData with a small buffer multiple times to retrieve a large parameter value. For more information, see Retrieving Output Parameters Using SQLGetData.

The following articles describe SQL Server Native Client behavior changes in SQL Server 2012 (11.x).

The value passed to the pwszName parameter must be a valid identifier when calling ICommandWithParameters::SetParameterInfo. For more information, see ICommandWithParameters.
SQLDescribeParam consistently returns an ODBC specification conforming value. For more information, see SQLDescribeParam.
ODBC Driver Behavior Change When Handling Character Conversions