Communicates a request for cancellation.
public:
void Cancel();public void Cancel();member this.Cancel : unit -> unitPublic Sub Cancel ()An aggregate exception containing all the exceptions thrown by the registered callbacks on the associated CancellationToken.
ExamplesThe following example uses a random number generator to emulate a data collection application that reads 10 integral values from eleven different instruments. A value of zero indicates that the measurement has failed for one instrument, in which case the operation should be cancelled and no overall mean should be computed.
To handle the possible cancellation of the operation, the example instantiates a CancellationTokenSource object that generates a cancellation token which is passed to a TaskFactory object. The TaskFactory object in turn passes the cancellation token to each of the tasks responsible for collecting readings for a particular instrument. The TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll<TAntecedentResult,TResult>(Task<TAntecedentResult>[], Func<Task<TAntecedentResult>[],TResult>, CancellationToken) method is called to ensure that the mean is computed only after all readings have been gathered successfully. If a task has not because it has been cancelled, the call to the TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll method throws an exception.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
// Define the cancellation token.
CancellationTokenSource source = new CancellationTokenSource();
CancellationToken token = source.Token;
Random rnd = new Random();
Object lockObj = new Object();
List<Task<int[]>> tasks = new List<Task<int[]>>();
TaskFactory factory = new TaskFactory(token);
for (int taskCtr = 0; taskCtr <= 10; taskCtr++) {
int iteration = taskCtr + 1;
tasks.Add(factory.StartNew( () => {
int value;
int[] values = new int[10];
for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 10; ctr++) {
lock (lockObj) {
value = rnd.Next(0,101);
}
if (value == 0) {
source.Cancel();
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling at task {0}", iteration);
break;
}
values[ctr-1] = value;
}
return values;
}, token));
}
try {
Task<double> fTask = factory.ContinueWhenAll(tasks.ToArray(),
(results) => {
Console.WriteLine("Calculating overall mean...");
long sum = 0;
int n = 0;
foreach (var t in results) {
foreach (var r in t.Result) {
sum += r;
n++;
}
}
return sum/(double) n;
} , token);
Console.WriteLine("The mean is {0}.", fTask.Result);
}
catch (AggregateException ae) {
foreach (Exception e in ae.InnerExceptions) {
if (e is TaskCanceledException)
Console.WriteLine("Unable to compute mean: {0}",
((TaskCanceledException) e).Message);
else
Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + e.GetType().Name);
}
}
finally {
source.Dispose();
}
}
}
// Repeated execution of the example produces output like the following:
// Cancelling at task 5
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Cancelling at task 10
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Calculating overall mean...
// The mean is 5.29545454545455.
//
// Cancelling at task 4
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Cancelling at task 5
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Cancelling at task 6
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Calculating overall mean...
// The mean is 4.97363636363636.
//
// Cancelling at task 4
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Cancelling at task 5
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Cancelling at task 4
// Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//
// Calculating overall mean...
// The mean is 4.86545454545455.
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
' Define the cancellation token.
Dim source As New CancellationTokenSource()
Dim token As CancellationToken = source.Token
Dim lockObj As New Object()
Dim rnd As New Random
Dim tasks As New List(Of Task(Of Integer()))
Dim factory As New TaskFactory(token)
For taskCtr As Integer = 0 To 10
Dim iteration As Integer = taskCtr + 1
tasks.Add(factory.StartNew(Function()
Dim value, values(9) As Integer
For ctr As Integer = 1 To 10
SyncLock lockObj
value = rnd.Next(0,101)
End SyncLock
If value = 0 Then
source.Cancel
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling at task {0}", iteration)
Exit For
End If
values(ctr-1) = value
Next
Return values
End Function, token))
Next
Try
Dim fTask As Task(Of Double) = factory.ContinueWhenAll(tasks.ToArray(),
Function(results)
Console.WriteLine("Calculating overall mean...")
Dim sum As Long
Dim n As Integer
For Each t In results
For Each r In t.Result
sum += r
n+= 1
Next
Next
Return sum/n
End Function, token)
Console.WriteLine("The mean is {0}.", fTask.Result)
Catch ae As AggregateException
For Each e In ae.InnerExceptions
If TypeOf e Is TaskCanceledException
Console.WriteLine("Unable to compute mean: {0}",
CType(e, TaskCanceledException).Message)
Else
Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + e.GetType().Name)
End If
Next
Finally
source.Dispose()
End Try
End Sub
End Module
' Repeated execution of the example produces output like the following:
' Cancelling at task 5
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Cancelling at task 10
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Calculating overall mean...
' The mean is 5.29545454545455.
'
' Cancelling at task 4
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Cancelling at task 5
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Cancelling at task 6
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Calculating overall mean...
' The mean is 4.97363636363636.
'
' Cancelling at task 4
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Cancelling at task 5
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Cancelling at task 4
' Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'
' Calculating overall mean...
' The mean is 4.86545454545455.
The associated CancellationToken will be notified of the cancellation and will transition to a state where IsCancellationRequested returns true.
Any callbacks or cancelable operations registered with the CancellationToken will be executed.
We recommend that cancelable operations and callbacks registered with CancellationToken not throw exceptions.
This overload of Cancel will aggregate any exceptions thrown into an AggregateException, such that one callback throwing an exception will not prevent other registered callbacks from being executed.
Calling this method has the same effect as calling Cancel(false).
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