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Showing content from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.runtime.interopservices.marshalasattribute below:

MarshalAsAttribute Class (System.Runtime.InteropServices) | Microsoft Learn

Indicates how to marshal the data between managed and unmanaged code.

public ref class MarshalAsAttribute sealed : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Field | System.AttributeTargets.Parameter | System.AttributeTargets.ReturnValue, Inherited=false)]
public sealed class MarshalAsAttribute : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Field | System.AttributeTargets.Parameter | System.AttributeTargets.ReturnValue, Inherited=false)]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public sealed class MarshalAsAttribute : Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Field | System.AttributeTargets.Parameter | System.AttributeTargets.ReturnValue, Inherited=false)>]
type MarshalAsAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Field | System.AttributeTargets.Parameter | System.AttributeTargets.ReturnValue, Inherited=false)>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type MarshalAsAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

Public NotInheritable Class MarshalAsAttribute
Inherits Attribute

Inheritance

Attributes

The following example applies the MarshalAsAttribute to a field, a method parameter, and a method return value in a managed type.

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class Program
{

//Applied to a parameter.
  public void M1([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]String msg) {}

//Applied to a field within a class.
  class MsgText {
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
                public String msg = "Hello World";
                }

//Applied to a return value.
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public String GetMessage()
    {
        return "Hello World";
    }

static void Main(string[] args)
    {  }
}

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Module Module1

    Sub Main()

    End Sub

    'Applied to a parameter.
    Public Sub M1(<MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)> ByVal msg As String)
        msg = msg + "Goodbye"
    End Sub

    'Applied to a field within a class.
    Class MsgText
        <MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)> Public msg As String
    End Class

    'Applied to a return value.
    Public Function M2() As <MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)> String
        Return "Hello World"
    End Function

End Module

The following example applies the MarshalAsAttribute attribute to a property:

decimal _money;   

public decimal Money 
{
   [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Currency)]
   get { return this._money; }
   [param: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Currency)]
   set { this._money = value; }
}

Dim _money As Decimal   

Public Property Money As <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Currency)> Decimal 
   Get
      Return Me._money
   End Get
   Set(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Currency)> value As Decimal)
      Me._money = value
   End Set   
End Property

You can apply this attribute to parameters, fields, or return values.

This attribute is optional, as each data type has a default marshaling behavior. This attribute is only necessary when a given type can be marshaled to multiple types. For example, you can marshal a string to unmanaged code as either a LPStr, a LPWStr, a LPTStr, or a BStr. By default, the common language runtime marshals a string parameter as a BStr to COM methods. You can apply the MarshalAsAttribute attribute to an individual field or parameter to cause that particular string to be marshaled as a LPStr instead of a BStr. The Tlbexp.exe (Type Library Exporter) passes your marshaling preferences to the common language runtime.

Some parameters and return values have different default marshaling behavior when used with COM interop or platform invoke. By default, the runtime marshals a string parameter (and fields in a value type) as a LPStr to a platform invoke method or function. For additional information, see Default Marshaling Behavior.

In most cases, the attribute simply identifies the format of the unmanaged data using the UnmanagedType enumeration, as shown in the following C# signature:

public void SomeMethod([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] String s)

Public Sub SomeMethod(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> s As String)

Some UnmanagedType enumeration members require additional information. For example, additional information is needed when the UnmanagedType is LPArray. For a complete description of how to use this attribute with arrays, see Default Marshaling for Arrays.

The Tlbimp.exe (Type Library Importer) also applies this attribute to parameters, fields, and return values to indicate that the data type in the input type library is not the default type for the corresponding managed data type. Tlbimp.exe always applies the MarshalAsAttribute to String and Object types for clarity, regardless of the type specified in the input type library.

Maps a set of names to a corresponding set of dispatch identifiers.

Retrieves the type information for an object, which can be used to get the type information for an interface.

Retrieves the number of type information interfaces that an object provides (either 0 or 1).

Provides access to properties and methods exposed by an object.

• UnmanagedType
• Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe)
• Type Library Importer (Tlbimp.exe)

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