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Showing content from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/elastic-database-client-library below:

Building Scalable Cloud Databases - Azure SQL Database

Building scalable cloud databases

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Scaling out databases can be easily accomplished using scalable tools and features for Azure SQL Database. In particular, you can use the Elastic Database client library to create and manage scaled-out databases. This feature lets you easily develop sharded applications using thousands databases in Azure SQL Database.

To download:

The Java version of the library, see Maven Central Repository.
The .NET version of the library, see NuGet.

Documentation

Client capabilities

Scaling out applications using sharding presents challenges for both the developer and the administrator. The client library simplifies the management tasks by providing tools that let both developers and administrators manage scaled-out databases. In a typical example, there are many databases, known as "shards," to manage. Customers are co-located in the same database, and there is one database per customer (a single-tenant scheme). The client library includes these features:

Shard map management: A special database called the "shard map manager" is created. Shard map management is the ability for an application to manage metadata about its shards. Developers can use this functionality to register databases as shards, describe mappings of individual sharding keys or key ranges to those databases, and maintain this metadata as the number and composition of databases evolves to reflect capacity changes. Without the Elastic Database client library, you would need to spend a lot of time writing the management code when implementing sharding. For details, see Scale out databases with the shard map manager.
Data dependent routing: Imagine a request coming into the application. Based on the sharding key value of the request, the application needs to determine the correct database based on the key value. It then opens a connection to the database to process the request. Data dependent routing provides the ability to open connections with a single easy call into the shard map of the application. Data dependent routing was another area of infrastructure code that is now covered by functionality in the Elastic Database client library. For details, see Use data-dependent routing to route a query to an appropriate database.
Multi-shard queries (MSQ): Multi-shard querying works when a request involves several (or all) shards. A multi-shard query executes the same T-SQL code on all shards or a set of shards. The results from the participating shards are merged into an overall result set using UNION ALL semantics. The functionality as exposed through the client library handles many tasks, including: connection management, thread management, fault handling, and intermediate results processing. MSQ can query up to hundreds of shards. For details, see Multi-shard querying using elastic database tools.

In general, customers using Elastic Database tools can expect to get full T-SQL functionality when submitting shard-local operations as opposed to cross-shard operations that have their own semantics.

Not using elastic database tools yet? Check out our Getting Started Guide. For questions, contact us on the Microsoft Q&A question page for SQL Database and for feature requests, add new ideas or vote for existing ideas in the SQL Database feedback forum.

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