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Python Logical Operators - Usage and Implemenation with examples

In this blog, we will cover 3 logical operators in Python: AND, OR, and NOT. Python logical operators are used to evaluate the values to be either true or false. These are primarily used for evaluating logical operators with two or more conditions.

Table of Contents

• Python Logical Operators
• AND Operator in Python
• Python OR Operator
• Python NOT Operator
• Order of Precedence of Logical Operators
• Real-life Examples of Python Logical Operators

Logical operators in Python are mainly used for conditional statements. There are three types of logical operators in Python: AND, OR, and NOT. These take two or more conditional statements and, after evaluation, return either true or false.

Let’s learn the operators, syntax, and examples in detail:

Example:

x, y, z = False, True, False
if x and y:

    print("Hello")
if y or z:

    print("Hii")
if not z:

    print("Namaste")

Output:

Hii

Namaste

Explanation: Here x, y, and z are three variables, and inside the if condition, x and y are both false, so ‘Hello’ is not printed. Inside the 2nd if, y is true, so ‘Hi’ is printed, and in the 3rd condition, not of z is equal to true. It will print ‘Namaste’.

Here is the following truth table of Logical Operators in Python:

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AND operator in Python is used to evaluate the value of two or more conditions. It returns true if both the statements are true and false if one of the conditions is false.

Code:

x = 10
y = 20
z = 30
if x > y and y > z:

    print("Hello")
if x < y and y < z:

    print("Hii")
if x > z:

    print("Namaste")
else:
    print("Intellipaat")

Output:

Hii

Intellipaat

Python OR Operator is also used to evaluate conditional statements; it returns true if one of the statements is true and false if all the conditions return false. 

Code: 

x = 10
y = 20
z = 30
if x > y or y > z:

    print("Hello")
else:
    print("Bye")
if x < y or y < z:

    print("Hii")
else:
    print("Good Bye!!")

Output:

Bye

Hii

Python NOT operator takes one operand, and if the value of the operand is true, it returns false, otherwise, it returns true.

Logical NOT Operator examples

Code:

x = 10
if not x:

    print("Hii")
else:
    print("Bye!!")

Example:

Bye!!

If an expression contains two or more conditional statements, then the order of precedence of logical operators is as follows:

• NOT
• AND
• OR

And if all the conditions consist of the same logical operators, then the precedence of the logical operator is from left to right. 

Let’s verify this with the below example:

Code:

a = False
b = True
c = True
result = a or b and not c
print(result)

Output:

False

Explanation: 

• NOT has the highest precedence, so not c is evaluated first:
  • not c is false now b and c mean true and false
• AND operator will evaluated first, then true and false become false
• Now, the OR operator will be evaluated, and then a or false, which means False or False, returns False, so the output is False.

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Here are some real-life examples of Python Logical Operators:

1. Check if the student is eligible for a scholarship or not. If his attendance is greater than 75 % and his family income is less than 5 lakh per annum, then he will be eligible for the scholarship.

Code:

# Student information
attendance = 90  
financial_income = 132000  
# Scholarship eligibility conditions

if attendance >= 75 and financial_income <= 500000:
    print("The student is eligible for the scholarship.")
else:
    print("The student is not eligible for the scholarship.")

Output:

The student is eligible for the scholarship.

1. Check whether a person is eligible for the movie discount or not. A person is eligible for the discount if a person is either a senior citizen or a student.

Code:

age = 65
is_student = False
if age >= 60 or is_student:

    print("Eligible for movie discount.")
else:
    print("Not eligible for movie discount.")

Output:

Eligible for movie discount.

1. Check whether a student is eligible to borrow a book from the library or not.

Code:

overdue_books = 3
has_paid_fines = False
if overdue_books > 2 and not has_paid_fines:

    print("Late fee applies, and additional fine due to unpaid fees.")
else:
    print("No late fee.")

Output:

Late fee applies, and additional fine due to unpaid fees.

1. Check the maximum of three numbers.

To check the maximum number of three numbers, we have to use the AND operator.

Code:

# Find the maximum of three numbers
a = 8

b = 4
c = 7
if a >= b and a >= c:

    print("The maximum number is: ", a)
elif b >= a and b >= c:
    print("The maximum number is: ", b)
else:
    print("The maximum number is: ", c)

Output:

The maximum number is:  8

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In this blog, we learned the three different types of logical operators AND, OR, and NOT in Python. We also learned the precedence order of these logical operators with real-life examples. If you want to learn more about Python, you can refer to our Python Course

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