An asynchronous client and server implementation of HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 including TLS. Support for streaming requests and responses. Built on top of async and async-io. falcon provides a rack-compatible server.
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
And then execute:
Or install it yourself as:
Please see the project documentation or serve it locally using bake utopia:project:serve.
Here is an example showing how to post a data structure as JSON to a remote resource:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'json'
require 'async'
require 'async/http/internet'
data = {'life' => 42}
Async do
# Make a new internet:
internet = Async::HTTP::Internet.new
# Prepare the request:
headers = [['accept', 'application/json']]
body = [JSON.dump(data)]
# Issues a POST request:
response = internet.post("https://httpbin.org/anything", headers, body)
# Save the response body to a local file:
pp JSON.parse(response.read)
ensure
# The internet is closed for business:
internet.close
end
Consider using async-rest instead.
To issue multiple requests concurrently, you should use a barrier, e.g.
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'async'
require 'async/barrier'
require 'async/http/internet'
TOPICS = ["ruby", "python", "rust"]
Async do
internet = Async::HTTP::Internet.new
barrier = Async::Barrier.new
# Spawn an asynchronous task for each topic:
TOPICS.each do |topic|
barrier.async do
response = internet.get "https://www.google.com/search?q=#{topic}"
puts "Found #{topic}: #{response.read.scan(topic).size} times."
end
end
# Ensure we wait for all requests to complete before continuing:
barrier.wait
ensure
internet&.close
end
If you need to limit the number of simultaneous requests, use a semaphore.
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'async'
require 'async/barrier'
require 'async/semaphore'
require 'async/http/internet'
TOPICS = ["ruby", "python", "rust"]
Async do
internet = Async::HTTP::Internet.new
barrier = Async::Barrier.new
semaphore = Async::Semaphore.new(2, parent: barrier)
# Spawn an asynchronous task for each topic:
TOPICS.each do |topic|
semaphore.async do
response = internet.get "https://www.google.com/search?q=#{topic}"
puts "Found #{topic}: #{response.read.scan(topic).size} times."
end
end
# Ensure we wait for all requests to complete before continuing:
barrier.wait
ensure
internet&.close
end
To keep connections alive, install the thread-local gem, require async/http/internet/instance, and use the instance, e.g.
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'async'
require 'async/http/internet/instance'
Async do
internet = Async::HTTP::Internet.instance
response = internet.get "https://www.google.com/search?q=test"
puts "Found #{response.read.size} results."
end
Here is an example showing how to download a file and save it to a local path:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'async'
require 'async/http/internet'
Async do
# Make a new internet:
internet = Async::HTTP::Internet.new
# Issues a GET request to Google:
response = internet.get("https://www.google.com/search?q=kittens")
# Save the response body to a local file:
response.save("/tmp/search.html")
ensure
# The internet is closed for business:
internet.close
end
Here is a basic example of a client/server running in the same reactor:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'async'
require 'async/http/server'
require 'async/http/client'
require 'async/http/endpoint'
require 'async/http/protocol/response'
endpoint = Async::HTTP::Endpoint.parse('http://127.0.0.1:9294')
app = lambda do |request|
Protocol::HTTP::Response[200, {}, ["Hello World"]]
end
server = Async::HTTP::Server.new(app, endpoint)
client = Async::HTTP::Client.new(endpoint)
Async do |task|
server_task = task.async do
server.run
end
response = client.get("/")
puts response.status
puts response.read
server_task.stop
end
You can hook into SSL certificate verification to improve server verification.
require 'async'
require 'async/http'
# These are generated from the certificate chain that the server presented.
trusted_fingerprints = {
"dac9024f54d8f6df94935fb1732638ca6ad77c13" => true,
"e6a3b45b062d509b3382282d196efe97d5956ccb" => true,
"07d63f4c05a03f1c306f9941b8ebf57598719ea2" => true,
"e8d994f44ff20dc78dbff4e59d7da93900572bbf" => true,
}
Async do
endpoint = Async::HTTP::Endpoint.parse("https://www.codeotaku.com/index")
# This is a quick hack/POC:
ssl_context = endpoint.ssl_context
ssl_context.verify_callback = proc do |verified, store_context|
certificate = store_context.current_cert
fingerprint = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1.new(certificate.to_der).to_s
if trusted_fingerprints.include? fingerprint
true
else
Console.logger.warn("Untrusted Certificate Fingerprint"){fingerprint}
false
end
end
endpoint = endpoint.with(ssl_context: ssl_context)
client = Async::HTTP::Client.new(endpoint)
response = client.get(endpoint.path)
pp response.status, response.headers.fields, response.read
end
Here's a basic example with a timeout:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'async/http/internet' Async do |task| internet = Async::HTTP::Internet.new # Request will timeout after 2 seconds task.with_timeout(2) do response = internet.get "https://httpbin.org/delay/10" end rescue Async::TimeoutError puts "The request timed out" ensure internet&.close end
On a 4-core 8-thread i7, running ab which uses discrete (non-keep-alive) connections:
$ ab -c 8 -t 10 http://127.0.0.1:9294/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 5000 requests
Completed 10000 requests
Completed 15000 requests
Completed 20000 requests
Completed 25000 requests
Completed 30000 requests
Completed 35000 requests
Completed 40000 requests
Completed 45000 requests
Completed 50000 requests
Finished 50000 requests
Server Software:
Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1
Server Port: 9294
Document Path: /
Document Length: 13 bytes
Concurrency Level: 8
Time taken for tests: 1.869 seconds
Complete requests: 50000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 2450000 bytes
HTML transferred: 650000 bytes
Requests per second: 26755.55 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 0.299 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.037 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 1280.29 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 0
Processing: 0 0 0.2 0 6
Waiting: 0 0 0.2 0 6
Total: 0 0 0.2 0 6
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 0
66% 0
75% 0
80% 0
90% 0
95% 1
98% 1
99% 1
100% 6 (longest request)
On a 4-core 8-thread i7, running wrk, which uses 8 keep-alive connections:
$ wrk -c 8 -d 10 -t 8 http://127.0.0.1:9294/
Running 10s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9294/
8 threads and 8 connections
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
Latency 217.69us 0.99ms 23.21ms 97.39%
Req/Sec 12.18k 1.58k 17.67k 83.21%
974480 requests in 10.10s, 60.41MB read
Requests/sec: 96485.00
Transfer/sec: 5.98MB
According to these results, the cost of handling connections is quite high, while general throughput seems pretty decent.
HTTP/1 has an implicit scheme determined by the kind of connection made to the server (either http or https), while HTTP/2 models this explicitly and the client indicates this in the request using the :scheme pseudo-header (typically https). To normalize this, Async::HTTP::Client and Async::HTTP::Server have a default scheme which is used if none is supplied.
HTTP/1 has an explicit version while HTTP/2 does not expose the version in any way.
HTTP/1 responses contain a reason field which is largely irrelevant. HTTP/2 does not support this field.
We welcome contributions to this project.
git checkout -b my-new-feature).git commit -am 'Add some feature').git push origin my-new-feature).This project uses the Developer Certificate of Origin. All contributors to this project must agree to this document to have their contributions accepted.
This project is governed by Contributor Covenant. All contributors and participants agree to abide by its terms.
async-http.async-http.async-http.RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4