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GitHub - redguardtoo/my-emacs.d-snapshot

A fast and robust Emacs setup

Usable in emacs-nox and works in PuTTY

Most users should follow the section “Install in normal way”.

Please remove ~/.emacs first. ~ means Home directory.

You need the section “Install stable version” if and only if,

There are two ways to install this setup (I recommend the first way):

First way is to download latest setup and extract its content into ~/.emacs.d, OR run command cd ~; git clone https://github.com/redguardtoo/emacs.d.git .emacs.d in shell.

Second way is to use stable setup, or run command cd ~; git clone https://github.com/redguardtoo/emacs.d.git .emacs.d; cd .emacs.d; git reset --hard stable in shell.

By default, packages are installed automatically during Emacs startup.

Someone reported that package repository http://melpa.org is not responsive in China.

No worries. You could answer “YES” to the question “Switch to faster package repositories in China temporarily?” when firing Emacs. Please note after startup you could change variable package-archives in init-elpa.el to permanently switch to Chinese repositories.

Install stable version (OPTIONAL)

Now you are using local package repository ~/myelpa.

You can switch to online repositories like http://elpa.gnu.org or http://melpa.org by modifying lisp/init-elpa.el.

Third party programs (OPTIONAL)

Most command line programs can be installed through default package manager.

Default package manager could be:

Some package managers allow you to install the program for current user. For example, python package manager pip has the option ”–user”.

These programs are OPTIONAL.

Please ignore error message related to command line programs. For example, if aspell and hunspell are not installed, you can ignore all the flyspell error messages.

Please note you can’t install fortune-zh through homebrew on macOS but there is a simple workaround:

You can insert (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'w3m) in ~/.gnus.el to force HTML mail be rendered by w3m instead of the default HTML rendering engine shr.

shr supports colored text while w3m not.

But my w3m based utilities can open video/audio/image with the help of w3m.

If you use hunspell, check my article. Please note the hunspell executable understands either unix format path or windows format path but not both. You need figure out hunspell version you are using.

You can set my-force-to-use-hunspell in init-spelling.el if you prefer hunspell.

Wucuo is used to spell check camel case words. It supports both aspell and hunspell.

Please check wucuo-start in ~/.emacs.d/lisp to see how it’s used.

You can comment out the line containing wucuo-start to disable the spell checking in Emacs.

Wucuo is based on Flyspell and it’s alternative of flyspell-mode.

Spelling check just works out of box with wucuo. You don’t need any extra configuration. For example, there is no reason you need enable flyspell-mode at all.

Some people like to run M-x flyspell-buffer to manually check current buffer.

Aspell’s default personal English dictionary is $HOME/.aspell.en.pws. Its content is like:

personal_ws-1.1 en 4
ABN
ACC
ACN
ACT

The content of personal dictionary can be cleaned by M-x my-clean-aspell-dict.

Hunspell’s default personal English dictionary is $HOME/.hunspell_en_US. The file format is same as aspell.

Flyspell configuration is actually simple. Aspell uses ispell-extra-args. Hunspell uses ispell-local-dictionary and ispell-local-dictionary. That’s it.

For hunspell, please read my comment in init-spelling.el.

sdcv (console version of StarDict)

It’s Grammar, Style and Spell Checker

Please install corresponding Chrome/Firefox addons.

Knowledge of Linux/Unix is required. At least you should know the meanings of “environment variable”, “shell”, “stdin”, “stdout”, “man”, “info”.

Please read this tutorial at least for once.

At minimum you need know how Emacs interacts with other command line programs,

Step 2, read official tutorial

Press C-h t in Emacs (“C” means Ctrl key, “M” means Alt key) to read bundled tutorial.

At minimum, you need learn:

Step 3, know org-mode basics

Org-mode is for notes-keeping and planning.

Please watch Carsten Dominik’s talk. It’s really simple. The only hot key to remember is Tab.

Step 4, start from a real world problem

You can visit EmacsWiki for the solution. Newbies can ask for help at http://www.reddit.com/r/emacs/.

Required for vim user,

See Master Emacs in One Year.

Original configuration from Emacs or third party packages are respected.

On Windows, you need install Cygwin which provides command line programs to Emacs. Cygwin could be installed on any hard drive but it’s highly recommended don’t change it relative path to the root driver.

Install Ctags (Universal Ctags is better. Exuberant Ctags is fine). On Windows, you could install Ctags through Cygwin.

Run M-x counsel-etags-find-tag-at-point from counsel-etags to navigate code. It uses tags files created by ctags. Tags file will be automatically created/update when you start using `counsel-etags`.

Run M-x counsel-etags-grep to search text (grep) in project. Project root is automatically detected.

Run M-x find-file-in-project-by-selected from find-file-in-project to find file in project. Project root is automatically detected. You can also add one line setup in .emacs like (setq ffip-project-root "~/proj1/").

Code auto-completion works out of box by using tags file created by Ctags. You need run counsel-etags at least once to fire up Ctags. company-ctags from company-mode provides the candidates for auto completion. No manual setup is required.

Please grep in the directory ~/.emacs.d/lisp if you have any further questions on setup.

Adjust interval of spell check and syntax check

This configuration is already optimized for low specification machines on Windows/Linux/macOS.

But you could still squeeze more performance by decreasing the frequency of spell checking and programming syntax check.

The spell check is done by wucuo which is lightweight alternative of flyspell-mode.

The programming syntax check is done by lazyflymake which is alternative of flymake-mode.

Insert below code to ~/.custom.el to increase the interval of check,

(with-eval-after-load 'wucuo
;; 4 second
(setq wucuo-update-interval 4))
(with-eval-after-load 'lazyflymake
;; 2 seconds
(setq lazyflymake-update-interval 3))

Insert below code into ~/.custom.el, replace “/home/user1/your-file-path” with the file you want to open,

(defun profile-open-file ()
(interactive)
(profiler-start 'cpu)
(find-file "/home/user1/your-file-path")
(profiler-report)
(profiler-stop))

Run M-x profile-open-file and read the report.

Don’t memorize any key binding. Try M-x any-command-in-emacs and hint for its key binding is displayed.

Most key bindings are defined in lisp/init-evil.el, a few key in lisp/init-hydra.el which uses Hydra.

Press C-c C-y anywhere to bring up default hydra menu.

The tutorials I recommended have enough information about commands.

Besides, ”How to be extremely efficient in Emacs” lists my frequently used commands.

Press kj to escape from evil-insert-state and everything else in Emacs. It’s much more efficient than ESC in Vim or C-g in Emacs. Search evil-escape in init-evil.el for details.

Spell check camel case code

This configuration uses wucuo which is alternative of flyspell-mode. I strongly recommend you reading the section “aspell or hunspell” at least once.

Wucuo is fast, reliable, and powerful. It’s better than any spell checking solutions of other text and IDE (VSCode, Sublime Text 3, IntelliJ IDEA …).

Please don’t disable it simply because it’s a new package.

Some packages are so important to my workflow that they are locked.

Those packages are placed at site-lisp/.

They will not be upgraded by package system.

Please make sure same package is not installed through elpa. Please check the content of directory “elpa/” in .emacs.d root.

How to install new packages?

I only use two package repositories,

If a package named MY-PKG exists in the stable repository, you only need one line setup,

(require-package 'MY-PKG)

This line could be placed in lisp/init-elpa.el or ~/.custom.el.

You’d better place everything related to MY-PKG into ~/.custom.el so the main stream change won’t impact your own configuration.

If the package does not exist in the stable repository, modify melpa-include-packages in lisp/init-elpa.el first.

I encourage you to read init-elpa.el to understand how packages are managed if you are good at Emacs Lisp,

Run vc-msg-show.

If you select a region inside current line, the correct commit which submits the selected snippet is displayed instead of the latest commit touch the whole line.

SPC s s or M-x wg-create-workgrou to save windows layout. SPC l l or M-x wg-open-workgroup to load windows layout.

Use this configuration as merge tool for Git

This configuration might be the most efficient and most powerful merge tool for VCS. Insert below configuration into ~/.gitconfig,

[mergetool.ediff]
# use git mergetool ediff to resolve conflicts
cmd = emacs -nw -Q --eval \"(setq startup-now t)\" -l \"~/.emacs.d/init.el\" --eval \"(progn (setq ediff-quit-hook 'kill-emacs) (if (file-readable-p \\\"$BASE\\\") (ediff-merge-files-with-ancestor \\\"$LOCAL\\\" \\\"$REMOTE\\\" \\\"$BASE\\\" nil \\\"$MERGED\\\") (ediff-merge-files \\\"$LOCAL\\\" \\\"$REMOTE\\\" nil \\\"$MERGED\\\")))\"

Then run git mergetool -t ediff to resolve conflicts.

Here is my ~/.gitconfig. You can use https://github.com/redguardtoo/test-git-mergetool to practice.

Run M-x shell. If you use Zsh instead of Bash, please modify init-term-mode.el.

You can customize my-term-program whose default value is /bin/bash. It’s used by ansi-term.

Place your setup in ~/.custom.el which is loaded after other “*.el”.

So you can use any functions defined in my emacs configuration.

Here is a sample to override keybindings defined in lisp/init-evil.el,

(with-eval-after-load 'evil
(my-space-leader-def
"ss" 'pwd
"ll" 'pwd
"pp" 'pwd))
Code navigation and auto-completion

It’s usable out of box if Ctags is installed

To navigate, M-x counsel-etags-find-tag-at-point.

To enable code auto-completion, M-x counsel-etags-scan-code at least once.

Optionally, you can add (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'counsel-etags-virtual-update-tags) into your .emacs to automatically update tags file.

No further setup is required.

Use “m” key for “evil-matchit”

The default keybinding of evil-matchit is %. Its evil text object name is also %.

You can use m instead of % as new keybinding and the text object name from evil-matchit.

It’s just one liner in ~/.custom.el,

;; evil-matchit 2.3.0 is required
(setq my-use-m-for-matchit t)

Use ,m for evil-set-marker whose original keybinding is m.

Check https://emacsthemes.com/.

Write down the name of color theme (for example, molokai).

Setup color theme manually (recommended)

You can M-x counsel-load-theme to switch themes.

Or you can insert below code into end of ~/.custom.el or init.el,

;; Please note the color theme's name is "molokai"
(load-theme 'molokai t)

You can also run M-x random-color-theme to load random color theme.

Use color theme in terminal

Use 256 colors is just one CLI without any extra setup,

TERM=xterm-256color emacs -nw
True colors in terminal Emacs Grep/Replace text in project

Many third party plugins bundled in this setup have already provided enough features. For example, if you use git, counsel-git-grep from package counsel/ivy works out of the box.

A generic grep program counsel-etags-grep is also provided. Since counsel-etags-grep is based on counsel/ivy, it also supports a magic called “multi-editing via Ivy”. You could read Nuclear weapon multi-editing via Ivy and Ag to get the idea.

Multi-edit workflow is optimized. After M-x counsel-etags-grep or pressing ,qq, press C-c C-o C-x C-q to enable wgrep-mode. You can edit text (for example, delete lines) in wgrep-mode directly.

You can exclude multiple keywords using !keyword1 keyword2 in ivy.

I love all the packages from Oleh Krehel (AKA abo-abo). Every article from his blog is worth reading ten times.

You can input :pinyin1 pinyin2 !pinyin3 pinyin4 in ivy UI to search by Chinese Pinyin. The key point is to make sure the first character of input is “:”.

I use rjsx-mode with Emacs v25+. It’s based on js2-mode so it has excellent imenu support.

But web-mode is also very popular to edit jsx files.

You can add (add-auto-mode 'rjsx-mode "\\.jsx\\'") into ~/.custome.el to use web-mode for jsx files.

I use modified version of git-gutter for now until my pull request is merged into official repository.

You can set git-gutter:exp-to-create-diff to make git gutter support other VCS (Perforce, for example),

(setq git-gutter:exp-to-create-diff
(shell-command-to-string (format "p4 diff -du -db %s"
(file-relative-name buffer-file-name))))

Non-Chinese can use unicode-fonts.

Chinese can use cnfonts.

They are not included in this setup. You need install them manually.

Synchronize setup with Git

Synchronize from my stable setup:

git pull https://redguardtoo@github.com/redguardtoo/emacs.d.git stable

Or latest setup:

git pull https://redguardtoo@github.com/redguardtoo/emacs.d.git

You can revert commit:

# always start from the latest related commit
git revert commit-2014-12-01
git revert commit-2014-11-01

Learn basics. Then use my solution.

Please note paredit-mode is enabled when editing Lisp. Search “paredit cheat sheet” to learn its key bindings.

Comment out (require 'init-modeline) in init.el at first.

Key bindings doesn’t work?

Other desktop applications may intercept the key bindings. For example, it’s reported QQ on windows 8 can intercept “M-x”.

Press M-x org-version, then read corresponding online manual to set up.

For example, org-capture requires manual setup.

Run M-x org-open-at-point to open link under cursor. Http link will be opened by the embedded emacs-w3m is used. `C-u M-x org-open-at-point= uses the external browser specified by browse-url-generic-program whose value could be /usr/bin/firefox.

Please replace legacy Emacs 22 and ctags with the new versions.

The easiest way is change Environment variable PATH.

Customize global variables

Some variables are hard coded so you cannot M-x customize to modify them.

Here are the steps to change their values:

BTW, please read my comments above the code at first.

Open/Save files with Counsel/Ivy

Keep pressing C-M-j to ignore candidates and open/save files using current input.

You can also press M-o to apply other action on selected file. See https://oremacs.com/2015/07/23/ivy-multiaction/ for details.

I strongly suggest Cygwin version of Emacs. Native version of Emacs should know how to find third party command line programs from Cygwin. I suggest adding C:\Cygwin64\bin to environment variable PATH so Emacs can detect the programs automatically.

By default, environment variable HOME points to the directory C:\Users\<username> on Windows 7+. You need copy the folder .emacs.d into that directory. Or you can change HOME.

Locale must be UTF-8 compatible. For example, as I type locale in shell, I got the output “zh_CN.UTF-8”.

Behind corporate firewall

Run below command in shell:

http_proxy=http://yourname:passwd@proxy.company.com:8080 emacs -nw

Try https://github.com/XX-net/XX-Net. Run command http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8087 emacs -nw in shell after starting XX-Net.

If you use Gnus for email, check init-gnus.el and read my Gnus tutorial.

Cannot download packages?

Some package cannot be downloaded automatically because of network problem.

Run M-x package-refresh-content, restart Emacs, reinstall package.

By default, packages from GNU ELPA are NOT available. Search the line “uncomment below line if you need use GNU ELPA” in init-elpa.el if you want to access GNU ELPA.

For example, flycheck requires packages from GNU ELPA.

By default EVIL (Vim emulation in Emacs) is used. Comment out line containing (require 'init-evil) in init.el to unload it.

It’s defined in lisp/init-evil.el. Press C-z to switch between Emacs and Vim key bindings.

You could visit its website to download its free ebook there.

C++ auto-completion doesn’t work?

I assume you are using company-mode. Other packages have similar setup.

There are many ways to scan the C++ source files. company-clang from company-mode and Clang is good at handling C++.

If you use clang to parse the C++ code:

Here is sample setup:

(setq company-clang-arguments '("-I/home/myname/projs/test-cmake" "-I/home/myname/projs/test-cmake/inc"))

In “friendly” Visual C++, similar setup is required.

You can use other backends instead of clang. For example, you can use company-gtags and GNU Global instead. See Emacs as C++ IDE, easy way for details.

Auto-completion for other languages

It’s similar to C++ setup. Since GNU Global supports many popular languages, you can use company-gtags.

For languages GNU Global doesn’t support, you can fall back to company-ctags and Ctags. Ctags configuration file is ~/.ctags.

You can also complete line by M-x eacl-complete-line and complete multi-lines statement by M-x eacl-complete-multiline.

Chinese Input Method Editor

Please note pyim is already built into this setup. You need not install it through ELPA.

Run M-x toggle-input-method to toggle input method pyim.

The default dictionary for pinyin might not be big enough. So you need install bigger dictionaries.

Dictionaries with “.pyim” extension under the directory ~/.eim/ are automatically loaded.

Please run curl -L http://tumashu.github.io/pyim-bigdict/pyim-bigdict.pyim.gz | zcat > ~/.eim/pyim-bigdict.pyim to install extra dictionaries.

The default pinyin scheme is quanpin but you can insert below code into ~/.custom.el to switch to a different pinyin scheme,

(with-eval-after-load 'pyim
(setq pyim-default-scheme 'xiaohe-shuangpin))

Dictionary for wubi is already installed. Please insert below code into ~/.custom.el to enable wubi dictionary and use wubi scheme,

(setq my-pyim-enable-wubi-dict t)
(with-eval-after-load 'pyim
(setq pyim-default-scheme 'wubi))
Install multiple versions of Emacs

Run below commands in shell:

mkdir -p ~/tmp;
curl http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/emacs-24.4.tar.gz | tar xvz -C ~/tmp/emacs-24.4
cd ~/tmp/emacs-24.4;
mkdir -p ~/myemacs/24.4;
rm -rf ~/myemacs/24.4/*;
./configure --prefix=~/myemacs/24.4 --without-x --without-dbus --without-sound && make && make install

Feel free to replace 24.4 with other version number.

Insert below code into ~/.emacs or ~/.custom.el,

;; Use en_US locale to format time.
;; if not set, the OS locale is used.
(setq system-time-locale "C")

init.el is the main file. It includes other *.el files.

lisp/init-elpa.el defines what packages will be installed from MELPA.

Packages are installed into elpa/.

I also manually download and extract some packages into site-lisp/. Packages in site-lisp/ are not visible to the package manager.

My own snippets is at snippets/.

The git hooks is placed in githooks directory.

Other directories don’t matter.

Run the unit test before git commit

On macOS/Linux/Cygwin, run make githooks to install hooks into .git/hooks.

Then unit test is run automatically before git commit.

We use Elpy (Emacs Python Development Environment). See its official documentation on its usage.

The flag elpy-disable-backend-error-display is set to nil so you can easily report any error to its developers.

If you don’t use Elpy, please set this flag to t.

To enable the virtual environment created by Elpy as its official guide has suggested, you can add below code into ~/.custom.el,

(with-eval-after-load 'elpy
  (let ((venv-dir "~/.emacs.d/elpy/rpc-venv"))
    (if (file-exists-p venv-dir) (pyvenv-activate venv-dir))))

After activating the virtual environment created by Elpy, you could also backup its required packages,

source ~/.emacs.d/elpy/rpc-venv/bin/activate && pip freeze > elpy-requirements.txt && deactivate

Then restore the packages,

source ~/.emacs.d/elpy/rpc-venv/bin/activate && pip install -r elpy-requirements.txt && deactivate

My elpy-requirements.txt (Python 3.9.1),

appdirs==1.4.4
autopep8==1.5.4
black==20.8b1
click==7.1.2
flake8==3.8.4
jedi==0.18.0
mccabe==0.6.1
mypy-extensions==0.4.3
parso==0.8.1
pathspec==0.8.1
pycodestyle==2.6.0
pyflakes==2.2.0
regex==2020.11.13
rope==0.18.0
toml==0.10.2
typed-ast==1.4.1
typing-extensions==3.7.4.3
yapf==0.30.0

I’m actually not a python developer so above suggestions are optional.

You could insert below code into ~/.custom.el,

(with-eval-after-load 'lsp-mode
;; enable log only for debug
(setq lsp-log-io nil)
;; use `evil-matchit' instead
(setq lsp-enable-folding nil)
;; no real time syntax check
(setq lsp-diagnostic-package :none)
;; handle yasnippet by myself
(setq lsp-enable-snippet nil)
;; use `company-ctags' only.
;; Please note `company-lsp' is automatically enabled if it's installed
(setq lsp-enable-completion-at-point nil)
;; turn off for better performance
(setq lsp-enable-symbol-highlighting nil)
;; use find-fine-in-project instead
(setq lsp-enable-links nil)
;; auto restart lsp
(setq lsp-restart 'auto-restart)
;; don't watch 3rd party javascript libraries
(push "[/\\\\][^/\\\\]*\\.\\(json\\|html\\|jade\\)$" lsp-file-watch-ignored)
;; don't ping LSP language server too frequently
(defvar lsp-on-touch-time 0)
(defun my-lsp-on-change-hack (orig-fun &rest args)
;; do NOT run `lsp-on-change' too frequently
(when (> (- (float-time (current-time))
lsp-on-touch-time) 120) ;; 2 mins
(setq lsp-on-touch-time (float-time (current-time)))
(apply orig-fun args)))
(advice-add 'lsp-on-change :around #'my-lsp-on-change-hack))

Then run `M-x lsp` to start lsp client and server. Check https://github.com/emacs-lsp/lsp-mode on how to install lsp server.

Enable typewriter sounds when typing

Run M-x my-toggle-typewriter. Please check bundled typewriter-mode.el for further setup.

Support legacy Emacs versions

Version 1.2 of this setup is the last version to support Emacs v23.

Here are the steps to use that setup:

Version 2.6 is the last version to support Emacs 24.3.

Download https://github.com/redguardtoo/emacs.d/archive/2.6.zip and https://github.com/redguardtoo/myelpa/archive/2.6.zip and you are good to go.

Version 2.9 is the last version to support Emacs 24.4+

Please use https://github.com/redguardtoo/emacs.d/archive/2.9.zip and https://github.com/redguardtoo/myelpa/archive/2.9.zip.

Please check EmacsWiki and my FAQ first.

If you still can’t resolve the issue,

The full command line to start Emacs is emacs -nw --debug-init.

If you use Emacs for Mac OS X, the command line is /Application/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs -nw --debug-init.

Send error messages to the original developer if it’s third party package’s problem.

If you are sure it’s this my bug, file report at https://github.com/redguardtoo/emacs.d. Don’t email me!

Bug report should include environment details.

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