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Showing content from https://github.com/icebreaker-fpga/icebreaker-litex-examples/issues/6 below:

Rust binary (after objcopy) too large · Issue #6 · icebreaker-fpga/icebreaker-litex-examples · GitHub

The binary that is flashed via the rust example is over 250MB large, too large for the target system. The C example does NOT suffer from this issue.

1. Get Rust version 1.45.0
2. cd r-riscv-blink
3. cargo build --release (although the issue also exists w/o the release flag)

$ cd target/riscv32i-unknown-none-elf/release/
$ ls -lh r-riscv-blink{,.bin}
-rwxr-xr-x 2 foo bar 456K Jul 25 16:08 r-riscv-blink
-rwxr-xr-x 1 foo bar 257M Jul 25 16:08 r-riscv-blink.bin

So while the input ELF (r-riscv-blink) has a somewhat expected size for an unstripped Rust program, the output binary (r-riscv-blink.bin) is just huge. If we look at the ELF file:

$ readelf -S r-riscv-blink
There are 23 section headers, starting at offset 0x71c18:

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
  [ 1] .text.dummy       PROGBITS        20000000 0000d4 040000 00   A  0   0  1
  [ 2] .text             PROGBITS        20040000 041000 000a14 00  AX  0   0  4
  [ 3] .rodata           PROGBITS        20040a14 041a14 000054 00   A  0   0  4
  [ 4] .data             PROGBITS        10000000 042000 000000 00   A  0   0  4
  [ 5] .bss              NOBITS          10000000 042000 000004 00  WA  0   0  1
  [ 6] .heap             PROGBITS        10000004 042000 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
  [ 7] .stack            PROGBITS        10000004 042000 01fffc 00  WA  0   0  1
  [ 8] .debug_line       PROGBITS        00000000 061ffc 0017e2 00      0   0  1
  [ 9] .debug_info       PROGBITS        00000000 0637de 00380b 00      0   0  1
  [10] .debug_abbrev     PROGBITS        00000000 066fe9 00051e 00      0   0  1
  [11] .debug_aranges    PROGBITS        00000000 067508 000030 00      0   0  8
  [12] .debug_str        PROGBITS        00000000 067538 003c21 01  MS  0   0  1
  [13] .debug_ranges     PROGBITS        00000000 06b160 0005f0 00      0   0  8
  [14] .riscv.attributes RISCV_ATTRIBUTE 00000000 06b750 00001a 00      0   0  1
  [15] .debug_loc        PROGBITS        00000000 06b76a 001362 00      0   0  1
  [16] .debug_pubnames   PROGBITS        00000000 06cacc 001267 00      0   0  1
  [17] .debug_pubtypes   PROGBITS        00000000 06dd33 0011c9 00      0   0  1
  [18] .debug_frame      PROGBITS        00000000 06eefc 000220 00      0   0  4
  [19] .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 06f11c 000013 01  MS  0   0  1
  [20] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 06f130 0023a0 10     22 527  4
  [21] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0714d0 0000ee 00      0   0  1
  [22] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 0715be 00065a 00      0   0  1
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
  L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
  C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
  p (processor specific)

Nothing too large here (largest is .text.dummy with 256kB). However, what is bizzare is the following:

$ riscv64-unknown-elf-objcopy -O binary -R .stack r-riscv-blink r-riscv-blink.bin
$ ls -lh r-riscv-blink{,.bin}
-rwxr-xr-x 2 tom tom 456K Jul 25 16:08 r-riscv-blink*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 tom tom 259K Jul 25 16:22 r-riscv-blink.bin*

This looks much better. Is the stack section somewhat broken? Version info:

$ riscv64-unknown-elf-objcopy --version
GNU objcopy (GNU Binutils) 2.34
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.

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