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# Plugins
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A new plugin-system has been implemented in the Arduino Firmware Uploader. A plugin is basically another
4 +
executable/tool, specifically tailored for a board/family of boards, but with a well-defined user interface. Inside the
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plugin, there is all the business logic to support a board/family of boards. Every plugin implements the
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[interface](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/fwuploader-plugin-helper#Plugin) contained in the
7 +
[fwuploader-plugin-helper](https://github.com/arduino/fwuploader-plugin-helper) repository.
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The fwuploader is still responsible for downloading the files required for the plugin to work:
10 + 11 +
- plugins/tools
12 +
- certificates
13 +
- firmware
14 + 15 +
The new information is hosted in the
16 +
[plugin_firmware_index.json](https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-fwuploader/boards/plugin_firmware_index.json), which
17 +
is generated by `generator.py`.
18 + 19 +
## uno-r4-wifi-plugin
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The source code can be found [here](https://github.com/arduino/uno-r4-wifi-fwuploader-plugin).
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### Known issues
24 + 25 +
#### Espflash panic `UnknownModel`
26 + 27 +
On some arm64 Linux distros, version 2.0.0 of [espflash](https://github.com/esp-rs/espflash/) might panic with the
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following error:
29 + 30 +
```
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Error: × Main thread panicked.
32 +
├─▶ at espflash/src/interface.rs:70:33
33 +
╰─▶ called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: UnknownModel
34 +
help: set the `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a
35 +
backtrace.
36 +
```
37 + 38 +
#### The ESP32 module does not go into download mode
39 + 40 +
On Linux, the UNO R4 WiFi must be plugged into a **USB hub** to make the flash process work. Otherwise, it won’t be able
41 +
to reboot in download mode.
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```bash
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$ arduino-fwuploader firmware flash -b arduino:renesas_uno:unor4wifi -a /dev/ttyACM0 -v --log-level debug
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Done in 0.001 seconds
47 +
Write 46588 bytes to flash (12 pages)
48 +
[==============================] 100% (12/12 pages)
49 +
Done in 3.106 seconds
50 + 51 +
Waiting to flash the binary...
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time=2023-07-18T14:50:10.492+02:00 level=INFO msg="getting firmware version"
53 +
time=2023-07-18T14:50:10.509+02:00 level=INFO msg="firmware version is > 0.1.0 using sketch"
54 +
time=2023-07-18T14:50:10.511+02:00 level=INFO msg="check if serial port has changed"
55 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:20Z INFO ] 🚀 A new version of espflash is available: v2.0.1
56 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:20Z INFO ] Serial port: '/dev/ttyACM0'
57 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:20Z INFO ] Connecting...
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[2023-07-18T12:50:20Z INFO ] Unable to connect, retrying with extra delay...
59 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:21Z INFO ] Unable to connect, retrying with default delay...
60 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:21Z INFO ] Unable to connect, retrying with extra delay...
61 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:21Z INFO ] Unable to connect, retrying with default delay...
62 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:21Z INFO ] Unable to connect, retrying with extra delay...
63 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:21Z INFO ] Unable to connect, retrying with default delay...
64 +
[2023-07-18T12:50:21Z INFO ] Unable to connect, retrying with extra delay...
65 +
Error: espflash::connection_failed
66 + 67 +
× Error while connecting to device
68 +
╰─▶ Failed to connect to the device
69 +
help: Ensure that the device is connected and the reset and boot pins are
70 +
not being held down
71 + 72 +
Error: exit status 1
73 +
ERRO[0021] couldn't update firmware: exit status 3
74 +
INFO[0021] Waiting 1 second before retrying...
75 +
INFO[0022] Uploading firmware (try 2 of 9)
76 +
time=2023-07-18T14:50:22.229+02:00 level=INFO msg=upload_command_sketch
77 +
time=2023-07-18T14:50:22.230+02:00 level=INFO msg="sending serial reset"
78 +
Error: reboot mode: upload commands sketch: setting DTR to OFF
79 +
...
80 +
```
81 + 82 +
#### I flashed the certificates, but I am unable to reach the host
83 + 84 +
The **whole certificate chain** is needed to make it work. Using
85 +
[`-u` flags](commands/arduino-fwuploader_certificates_flash.md#options) (ex: `-u www.arduino.cc:443`) won’t work because
86 +
it only downloads the root certificates. The solution is to use only the
87 +
[`-f` flag](commands/arduino-fwuploader_certificates_flash.md#options) and provide a pem certificate containing the
88 +
whole chain.
89 + 90 +
#### My antivirus says that `espflash` is a threat
91 + 92 +
The binary is not signed [#348](https://github.com/esp-rs/espflash/issues/348), and some antiviruses might complain. If
93 +
still doubtful, https://github.com/esp-rs/espflash is open source, and it's possible to double-check the md5 hashes of
94 +
the binary and the source code. For more information, you can follow
95 +
[this](https://forum.arduino.cc/t/radio-module-firmware-version-0-2-0-is-now-available/1147361/11) forum thread.
96 + 97 +
#### Not running on armv7
98 + 99 +
At the moment, we are always downloading the armv6 binaries. Since they are dynamically linked, most likely they are not
100 +
going to run on armv7. More infos on the topic:
101 +
[here](https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0419/c/Appendices/ARMv7-M-Differences/ARMv6-M-and-ARMv7-M-compatibility).
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