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alphapapa/org-ql: A searching tool for Org-mode, including custom query languages, commands, saved searches and agenda-like views, etc.

This package provides a query language for Org files. It offers two syntax styles: Lisp-like sexps and search engine-like keywords.

It includes three libraries: The org-ql library is flexible and may be used as a backend for other tools. The libraries org-ql-search and helm-org-ql (a separate package) provide interactive search commands and saved views.

The package org-ql may be installed directly from MELPA or with other tools like Quelpa.

After installation, you can use the commands without additional configuration. To use the functions and macros in your own Elisp code, use libraries org-ql and org-ql-view.

Installing with Quelpa is easy:

  1. Install quelpa-use-package (which can be installed directly from MELPA).
  2. Add this form to your init file:
(use-package org-ql
  :quelpa (org-ql :fetcher github :repo "alphapapa/org-ql"
            :files (:defaults (:exclude "helm-org-ql.el"))))

The command helm-org-ql is available in the package helm-org-ql. It may be installed from MELPA, or with Quelpa, like so:

(use-package helm-org-ql
  :quelpa (helm-org-ql :fetcher github :repo "alphapapa/org-ql"
                       :files ("helm-org-ql.el")))

Feedback on these APIs is welcome. Eventually, after being tested and polished, they will be considered stable.

Lisp code examples are in examples.org.

Note: These commands use non-sexp queries.

These commands jump to a heading selected using Emacs’s built-in completion facilities with an Org QL query:

Note that these commands are compatible with Embark: the embark-act command can be called on a completion candidate (i.e. a search result) to act on it immediately, without having to visit the entry in its source Org buffer, and embark-export may be called to show the results in an org-ql-view buffer.

This command finds links in entries matching the input query and offers them for selection; the selected link is then opened with org-open-at-point.

The input is matched using the default predicate, which means it searches both entry content and outline paths. This is helpful when a collection of links are kept in Org files: rather than having to first visit the entry containing the desired link, then locate it within the entry, and then open it, the user can simply select the link and open it directly. For example, if an entry with the heading Emacs contained a link named mailing list, one could search for Emacs list and open the link to the mailing list directly.

This command refiles the current Org entry to one selected by searching with Org QL completion. It searches files listed in org-refile-targets as well as the current buffer.

Note: This command supports both sexp queries and non-sexp queries.

Read QUERY and search with org-ql. Interactively, prompt for these variables:

BUFFERS-FILES: A list of buffers and/or files to search. Interactively, may also be:

GROUPS: An org-super-agenda group set. See variable org-super-agenda-groups.

NARROW: When non-nil, don’t widen buffers before searching. Interactively, with prefix, leave narrowed.

SORT: One or a list of org-ql sorting functions, like date or priority.

Bindings: Keys bound in results buffer.

Note: The view buffer is currently put in org-agenda-mode, which means that some Org Agenda commands work, such as jumping to entries and changing item priorities (without necessarily updating the view). This feature is experimental and not guaranteed to work correctly with all commands. (It works to the extent it does because the appropriate text properties are placed on each item, imitating an Agenda buffer.)

Note: Also, this buffer is compatible with Embark: the embark-act command can be called on an entry to act on it immediately, without having to visit the entry in its source Org buffer.

Note: This command uses non-sexp queries. It is available separately in the package =helm-org-ql=.

This command displays matches with Helm.

Choose and display a view stored in org-ql-views.

Bindings: Keys bound in view buffer.

Show a sidebar window listing views stored in org-ql-views for easy access. In the sidebar, press RET or mouse-1 to show the view at point, and press c to customize the view at point.

Show items in FILES from last DAYS days with timestamps of TYPE. TYPE may be ts, ts-active, ts-inactive, clocked, closed, deadline, planning, or scheduled. FILES defaults to those returned by the function org-agenda-files.

Arguments: (query &key keep-previous (buffer (current-buffer)))

Show a sparse tree for QUERY in BUFFER and return number of results. The tree will show the lines where the query matches, and any other context defined in org-show-context-detail, which see.

QUERY is an org-ql query sexp (quoted, since this is a function). BUFFER defaults to the current buffer. When KEEP-PREVIOUS is non-nil (interactively, with prefix), the outline is not reset to the overview state before finding matches, which allows stacking calls to this command. Runs org-occur-hook after making the sparse tree.

An org-ql query is a Lisp expression which may contain arbitrary expressions, as well as calling certain built-in predicates. It is byte-compiled into a predicate function which is tested with point on each heading in an Org buffer; when it returns non-nil, the heading matches the query. When possible, certain built-in predicates are optimized away to whole-buffer regular expression searches, which are much faster to search for than testing the predicate on each heading.

Notes:

The command org-ql-search also accepts, and the command helm-org-ql only accepts, an alternative, non-sexp query syntax. The syntax is simple, and a few examples of queries in both syntaxes should suffice. By default, when multiple predicates are used, they are combined with boolean and.

Sexp syntax Non-sexp syntax (todo) todo: (todo "SOMEDAY") todo:SOMEDAY (todo "SOMEDAY" "WAITING") todo:SOMEDAY,WAITING (ts :on today) ts:on=today (ts-active :from "2017-01-01" :to "2018-01-01") ts-active:from=2017-01-01,to=2018-01-01 (clocked :on -1) clocked:on=-1 (heading "quoted phrase" "word") heading:"quoted phrase",word (and (tags "book" "books") (priority "A")) tags:book,books priority:A (src :lang "elisp" :regexps ("defun")) src:defun,lang=elisp or src:lang=elisp,defun (and (tags "space") (not (regexp "moon"))) tags:space !moon (priority >= B) priority:A,B

Note that the effort, level, and priority predicates do not support comparators in the non-sexp syntax, so multiple arguments should be passed instead, as seen in the last example.

Arguments are listed next to predicate names, where applicable.

blocked
Return non-nil if current heading is blocked. Calls org-entry-blocked-p, which see.
category (&rest categories)
Return non-nil if current heading is in one or more of CATEGORIES (a list of strings).
done
Return non-nil if entry’s TODO keyword is in org-done-keywords.
effort (&optional effort-or-comparator effort)
Return non-nil if current heading’s effort property matches arguments. The following forms are accepted: (effort DURATION): Matches if effort is DURATION. (effort DURATION DURATION): Matches if effort is between DURATIONs, inclusive. (effort COMPARATOR DURATION): Matches if effort compares to DURATION with COMPARATOR. COMPARATOR may be <, <=, >, or >=. DURATION should be an Org effort string, like 5 or 0:05.
habit
Return non-nil if entry is a habit.
heading (&rest strings)
Return non-nil if current entry’s heading matches all STRINGS. Matching is done case-insensitively.
heading-regexp (&rest regexps)
Return non-nil if current entry’s heading matches all REGEXPS (regexp strings). Matching is done case-insensitively.
level (level-or-comparator &optional level)
Return non-nil if current heading’s outline level matches arguments. The following forms are accepted: (level NUMBER): Matches if heading level is NUMBER. (level NUMBER NUMBER): Matches if heading level is equal to or between NUMBERs. (level COMPARATOR NUMBER): Matches if heading level compares to NUMBER with COMPARATOR. COMPARATOR may be <, <=, >, or >=.
link (&optional description-or-target &key description target regexp-p)
Return non-nil if current heading contains a link matching arguments. DESCRIPTION-OR-TARGET is matched against the link’s description and target. Alternatively, one or both of DESCRIPTION and TARGET may be matched separately. Without arguments, return non-nil if any link is found.
outline-path (&rest strings)
Return non-nil if current node’s outline path matches all of STRINGS. Each string may appear as a substring in any part of the node’s outline path. For example, the path Food/Fruits/Grapes would match (olp "Fruit" "Grape").
outline-path-segment (&rest strings)
Return non-nil if current node’s outline path matches STRINGS. Matches STRINGS as a contiguous segment of the outline path. Each string is compared as a substring. For example the path Food/Fruits/Grapes would match (olps "Fruit" "Grape") but not (olps "Food" "Grape").
path (&rest regexps)
Return non-nil if current heading’s buffer’s filename path matches any of REGEXPS (regexp strings). Without arguments, return non-nil if buffer is file-backed.
priority (&rest args)
Return non-nil if current heading has a certain priority. ARGS may be either a list of one or more priority letters as strings, or a comparator function symbol followed by a priority letter string. For example: (priority "A") (priority "A" "B") (priority '>= "B") Note that items without a priority cookie never match this predicate (while Org itself considers items without a cookie to have the default priority, which, by default, is equal to priority B).
property (property &optional value &key inherit)
Return non-nil if current entry has PROPERTY (a string), and optionally VALUE (a string). If INHERIT is nil, only match entries with PROPERTY set on the entry; if t, also match entries with inheritance. If INHERIT is not specified, use the value of org-use-property-inheritance, which see.
regexp (&rest regexps)
Return non-nil if current entry matches all of REGEXPS (regexp strings). Matches against entire entry, from beginning of its heading to the next heading.
rifle (&rest strings)
Return non-nil if each string is found in either the entry or its outline path. Works like org-rifle. This is probably the most useful, intuitive, general-purpose predicate.
src (&key lang regexps)
Return non-nil if current entry contains an Org Babel source block. If LANG is non-nil, match blocks of that language. If REGEXPS is non-nil, require that block’s contents match all regexps. Matching is done case-insensitively.
tags (&rest tags)
Return non-nil if current heading has one or more of TAGS (a list of strings). Tests both inherited and local tags.
tags-inherited (&rest tags)
Return non-nil if current heading’s inherited tags include one or more of TAGS (a list of strings). If TAGS is nil, return non-nil if heading has any inherited tags.
tags-local (&rest tags)
Return non-nil if current heading’s local tags include one or more of TAGS (a list of strings). If TAGS is nil, return non-nil if heading has any local tags.
tags-all (&rest tags)
Return non-nil if current heading includes all of TAGS. Tests both inherited and local tags.
tags-regexp (&rest regexps)
Return non-nil if current heading has tags matching one or more of REGEXPS. Tests both inherited and local tags.
todo (&rest keywords)
Return non-nil if current heading is a TODO item. With KEYWORDS, return non-nil if its keyword is one of KEYWORDS (a list of strings). When called without arguments, only matches non-done tasks (i.e. does not match keywords in org-done-keywords).
Ancestor/descendant predicates
ancestors (&optional query)
Return non-nil if current heading has ancestor headings. If QUERY, return non-nil if an ancestor heading matches it. This selector may be nested.
children (&optional query)
Return non-nil if current heading has direct child headings. If QUERY, return non-nil if a child heading matches it. This selector may be nested, e.g. to match grandchild headings.
descendants (&optional query)
Return non-nil if current heading has descendant headings. If QUERY, return non-nil if a descendant heading matches it. This selector may be nested (if you can grok the nesting!).
parent (&optional query)
Return non-nil if current heading has a direct parent heading. If QUERY, return non-nil if the parent heading matches it. This selector may be nested, e.g. to match grandparent headings.

These predicates take optional keyword arguments:

Timestamp/date arguments should be either a number of days (positive to look forward, or negative to look backward), a string parseable by parse-time-string (the string may omit the time value), the symbol today, or a ts struct.

The following predicates, in addition to the keyword arguments, can also take a single argument, a number, which looks backward or forward a number of days. The number can be negative to invert the direction.

These two predicates interpret a single number argument as if it were passed to the :from keyword argument, which eases the common case of searching for items clocked or closed in the past few days:

These predicates interpret a single number argument as if it were passed to the :to keyword argument, which eases the common case of searching for items planned in the next few days:

For use as a custom agenda block type in org-agenda-custom-commands. For example, you could define a custom series command like this, which would list all priority A items tagged Emacs with to-do keyword SOMEDAY, followed by the standard agenda view, in a single buffer:

(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("ces" "Custom: Agenda and Emacs SOMEDAY [#A] items"
         ((org-ql-block '(and (todo "SOMEDAY")
                              (tags "Emacs")
                              (priority "A"))
                        ((org-ql-block-header "SOMEDAY :Emacs: High-priority")))
          (agenda)))))

Which would be equivalent to a tags-todo search like this:

(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("ces" "Custom: Agenda and Emacs SOMEDAY [#A] items"
         ((tags-todo "PRIORITY=\"A\"+Emacs/!SOMEDAY")
          (agenda)))))

However, the org-ql-block version runs in about 1/5th the time.

The variable org-ql-block-header may be bound to a string to use as the block header, otherwise the header is formed automatically.

Listing / acting-on results

Org QL uses a per-buffer cache to speed up subsequent searches. It’s keyed on query expressions and match actions, which means that, for the same query and same match action in the same buffer, if the buffer has not been modified since the last time the query was run, the cached match-action result will be returned, and the query will not be evaluated in that buffer again.

Therefore, since neither query expressions nor match actions are guaranteed to be evaluated when the following functions are called, they should be free of side effects. Or, if a side effect is required, the cache should be invalidated (e.g. by incrementing the buffer’s modified tick, or by using a query expression or match action that has yet to be cached). Note: Future improvements will allow the cache to be more easily disabled or cleared.

Arguments: (buffers-or-files query &key action narrow sort)

Return items matching QUERY in BUFFERS-OR-FILES.

BUFFERS-OR-FILES is a one or a list of files and/or buffers.

QUERY is an org-ql query sexp (quoted, since this is a function).

ACTION is a function which is called on each matching entry with point at the beginning of its heading. It may be:

If NARROW is non-nil, buffers are not widened (the default is to widen and search the entire buffer).

SORT is either nil, in which case items are not sorted; or one or a list of defined org-ql sorting methods (date, deadline, scheduled, closed, todo, priority, or random); or a user-defined comparator function that accepts two items as arguments and returns nil or non-nil.

Examples:

;; Return list of to-do headings in inbox file with tags and to-do keywords:
(org-ql-select "~/org/inbox.org"
  '(todo)
  :action #'org-get-heading)
;; => ("TODO Practice leaping tall buildings in a single bound  :personal:" ...)

;; Without tags and to-do keywords:
(org-ql-select "~/org/inbox.org"
  '(todo)
  :action '(org-get-heading t t))
;; => ("Practice leaping tall buildings in a single bound" ...)

;; Return WAITING heading elements in agenda files:
(org-ql-select (org-agenda-files)
  '(todo "WAITING")
  :action 'element)
;; => ((headline (:raw-value "Visit the moon" ...) ...) ...)

;; Since `element' is the default for ACTION, it may be omitted:
(org-ql-select (org-agenda-files)
  '(todo "WAITING"))
;; => ((headline (:raw-value "Visit the moon" ...) ...) ...)

Arguments: (&key (select 'element-with-markers) from where order-by narrow)

Like org-ql-select, but arguments are named more like a SQL query.

Examples:

;; Return list of to-do headings in inbox file with tags and to-do keywords:
(org-ql-query
  :select #'org-get-heading
  :from "~/org/inbox.org"
  :where '(todo))
;; => ("TODO Practice leaping tall buildings in a single bound  :personal:" ...)

;; Without tags and to-do keywords:
(org-ql-query
  :select '(org-get-heading t t)
  :from "~/org/inbox.org"
  :where '(todo))
;; => ("Practice leaping tall buildings in a single bound" ...)

;; Return WAITING heading elements in agenda files:
(org-ql-query
  :select 'element
  :from (org-agenda-files)
  :where '(todo "WAITING"))
;; => ((headline (:raw-value "Visit the moon" ...) ...) ...)

;; Since `element' is the default for SELECT, it may be omitted:
(org-ql-query
  :from (org-agenda-files)
  :where '(todo "WAITING"))
;; => ((headline (:raw-value "Visit the moon" ...) ...) ...)
Macro: org-ql (deprecated)

Arguments: (buffers-or-files query &key sort narrow markers action)

Expands into a call to org-ql-select with the same arguments. For convenience, arguments should be unquoted.

Note: This macro is deprecated and will be removed in v0.7.

Arguments: (name args docstring &key body preambles normalizers)

Define an org-ql selector predicate named org-ql--predicate-NAME. NAME may be a symbol or a list of symbols: if a list, the first is used as NAME and the rest are aliases. A function is only created for NAME, not for aliases, so a normalizer should be used to replace aliases with NAME in queries (keep reading).

ARGS is a cl-defun-style argument list. DOCSTRING is the function’s docstring.

BODY is the body of the predicate. It will be evaluated with point on the beginning of an Org heading and should return non-nil if the heading’s entry is a match.

PREAMBLES and NORMALIZERS are lists of pcase forms matched against Org QL query sexps. They are spliced into pcase forms in the definitions of the functions org-ql--query-preamble and org-ql--normalize-query, which see. Those functions are redefined when this macro is expanded, unless variable org-ql-defpred-defer is non-nil, in which case those functions should be redefined manually after defining predicates by calling org-ql--define-query-preamble-fn and org-ql--define-normalize-query-fn.

NORMALIZERS are used to normalize query expressions to standard forms. For example, when the predicate has aliases, the aliases should be replaced with predicate names using a normalizer. Also, predicate arguments may be put into a more optimal form so that the predicate has less work to do at query time. NOTE: Normalizers are applied to a query repeatedly until the query is fully normalized, so normalizers should be carefully written to avoid infinite loops.

PREAMBLES refer to regular expressions which may be used to search through a buffer directly to a potential match rather than testing the predicate body on each heading. (Naming things is hard.) In each pcase form in PREAMBLES, the pcase expression (not the pattern) should be a plist with the following keys, each value of which should be an expression which may refer to variables bound in the pattern:

:regexp Regular expression which searches directly to a potential match.

:case-fold Bound to case-fold-search around the regexp search.

:query Expression which should replace the query expression, or query if it should not be changed (e.g. if the regexp is insufficient to determine whether a heading matches, in which case the predicate’s body needs to be tested on the heading). If the regexp guarantees a match, this may be simply t, leaving the query expression with no work to do, which improves performance.

For convenience, within the pcase patterns, the symbol predicate-names is a special form which is replaced with a pattern matching any of the predicate’s name and aliases. For example, if NAME were:

(heading h)

Then if NORMALIZERS were:

((`(,predicate-names . ,args) `(heading ,@args)))

It would be expanded to:

((`(,(or 'heading 'h) . ,args) `(heading ,@args)))

Org QL provides a dynamic block that lists entries in the current document matching a query. In the header, these parameters are supported:

The heading column is formatted as a link to the heading (not shown in the following example).

For example, this dynamic block shows the first seven headings that are to-do items with priority A or B, sorted by deadline then priority, with certain columns (including the value of the agenda-group property with a custom header) and timestamp format:

#+BEGIN: org-ql :query "todo: priority:A,B" :columns (todo (priority "P") ((property "agenda-group") "Group") deadline heading) :sort (deadline priority) :take 7 :ts-format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
| Todo | P | Group | Deadline         | Heading                               |
|------+---+-------+------------------+---------------------------------------|
| TODO | A |       | 2017-07-07 00:00 | Take over the world                   |
| TODO | B |       | 2017-07-10 00:00 | Renew membership in supervillain club |
| TODO | A | plans | 2017-07-15 00:00 | Take over the universe                |
| TODO | B |       | 2017-07-21 00:00 | Internet                              |
| TODO | A | bills | 2017-08-01 00:00 | Spaceship lease                       |
| TODO | A |       |                  | Skype with president of Antarctica    |
| TODO | B |       |                  | Take over Mars                        |
#+END:

Org QL View searches may be accessed by opening org-ql-search: links in an Org file.

In an Org QL View buffer, the command org-store-link (i.e. C-c l) stores a link to the current search, and it may be inserted into an Org buffer with the command org-insert-link (C-c C-l). The stored link records all of the view settings, like title, sorting, and grouping.

Simple links may also be written manually in either sexp or non-sexp form, like:

[[org-ql-search:todo:NEXT priority:A]]
[[org-ql-search:(and (todo "NEXT") (priority "A"))]]

Note: Breaking changes may be made before version 1.0, but in the event of major changes, attempts at backward compatibility will be made with obsolescence declarations, translation of arguments, etc. Users who need stability guarantees before 1.0 may choose to use tagged stable releases.

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Note: The next release, 0.5, may include changes which will require minor updates to written queries (e.g. a few predicates may be renamed). Users who wish to avoid those changes happening unexpectedly in their configs should avoid upgrading org-ql beyond 0.4 automatically, as they will be pushed to the master branch when ready.

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Bug reports, feature requests, and suggestions are welcome. For patches, see below.

While Org QL is currently distributed in MELPA, it’s intended to merge Org QL into Org mode. When that happens, it will become a part of Emacs and Org, and therefore cumulative contributions of more than 15 lines of code will require that the author assign copyright of such contributions to the FSF. Authors who are interested in doing so may contact assign@gnu.org to request the appropriate form.

Comparison with Org Agenda searches

Of course, queries like these can already be written with Org Agenda searches, but the syntax can be complex. For example, this query would be difficult to write in a standard Org Agenda search, because it matches against a to-do keyword and a plain-text search. As described in the advanced searching tutorial, it would require using org-search-view with a query with specific regular expression syntax, like this:

+lisp +{^\*+\s-+TO-READ\s-}

But with org-ql-search, you would write a query like lisp todo:TO-READ, or in Lisp syntax, (and "lisp" (todo "TO-READ")).

This package is used by org-sidebar, which presents a customizable agenda-like view in a sidebar window.

GPLv3

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