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Showing content from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comma below:

comma - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

• come (obsolete)

From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

• enPR: kŏm'ə, Rhymes: -ɒmə
• (Received Pronunciation, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒmə/
• (Standard Southern British, General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈkɔmə/, /ˈkɔmə/
• (US) IPA^(key): [ˈkɑ.mə ~ ˈkɑ.mʌ] (weak vowel merger)
• (Indic) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒmaː/
  • (dialectal) enPR: kəmä', IPA^(key): /kaˈmaː/

comma (plural commas or (rare) commata or (obsolete) commaes)

2. (typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.

   Synonyms: scratch comma, virgule, (in its obsolete form as a slash) virgula, (in its obsolete form as a middot) come, (obsolete) comma-point

   Hyponyms: comma of Didymus, inverted comma, Oxford comma, serial comma, syntonic comma

   • 1828, Richard Thomson, Illustrations of the History of Great Britain, Vol. II, pp. 145–6:

     No points were used by the ancient printers, excepting the colon and the period; but, after some time, a short oblique stroke, called a virgil, was introduced, which answered to the modern comma. In the fifteenth century this punctuation was improved by the famous Aldus Manutius with the typographical art in general; when he gave a better shape to the comma, added the semicolon, and assigned to the former points more proper places.

3. (Romanian typography) A similar-looking subscript diacritical mark.
4. (entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Polygonia, having a comma-shaped white mark on the underwings, especially Polygonia c-album and Polygonia c-aureum of North Africa, Europe, and Asia.
   • 2004, Scott Shalaway, “Close-ups”, in Butterflies in the Backyard, Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, →ISBN, page 18:

     Commas (Polygonia comma) and Question Marks (Polygonia interrogationis) occur from the Gulf Coast to Canada and west to the Rockies. [...] Question Marks and Commas are handsome butterflies with burnt orange and black markings. [...] On the underside of each hind wing of the Comma is a small, distinctive silver hook that resembles a comma.

   • 2013, Ann Simpson, Rob Simpson, “Butterflies and Moths”, in Nature Guide to Shenandoah National Park (Falcon Pocket Guide), Guilford, Conn., Helena, Mont.: Falcon Guides, Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 91:

     Other members of this genus that are frequently encountered in the park are the eastern comma (P. comma) and question mark (P. interrogationis).

5. (music) A difference in the calculation of nearly identical intervals by different ways.
6. (genetics) A delimiting marker between items in a genetic sequence.
7. (rhetoric) In Ancient Greek rhetoric, a short clause, something less than a colon, originally denoted by comma marks. In antiquity it was defined as a combination of words having no more than eight syllables in all. It was later applied to longer phrases, e.g. the Johannine comma.
8. (figurative) A brief interval.

punctuation mark ','

• Albanian: presje (sq) f
• Arabic: فَصْلَة f (faṣla), فَاصِلَة f (fāṣila), شَوْلَة f (šawla), فارِزَة f (fāriza), ، (ar) (symbol)
• Aragonese: please add this translation if you can
• Armenian: ստորակետ (hy) (storaket)
• Asturian: coma (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: vergül (az)
• Bashkir: өтөр (ötör)
• Belarusian: ко́ска f (kóska)
• Bengali: কমা (bn) (koma)
• Bulgarian: запета́я f (zapetája)
• Burmese: ပုဒ်ကလေး (my) (pudka.le:), ၊ (my) (|), ကော်မာ (kauma) (in European languages)
• Carpathian Rusyn: запята́ f (zapjatá)
• Catalan: coma (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 逗號 / 逗号 (dau⁶ hou⁶)

  Mandarin: 逗號 / 逗号 (zh) (dòuhào), 逗點 / 逗点 (zh) (dòudiǎn), 頓號 / 顿号 (zh) (dùnhào) (special comma - "、")

• Cornish: komma m, kommas m pl
• Corsican: please add this translation if you can
• Crimean Tatar: virgül
• Czech: čárka (cs) f
• Danish: komma (da) n
• Dutch: komma (nl) f
• Emilian: please add this translation if you can
• Esperanto: komo
• Estonian: koma (et)
• Extremaduran: please add this translation if you can
• Faroese: komma n
• Finnish: pilkku (fi)
• French: virgule (fr) f
• Friulian: virgule f
• Galician: coma (gl) f, vírgula f
• Gallo: please add this translation if you can
• Georgian: მძიმე (ka) (mʒime)
• German: Beistrich (de) m, Komma (de) n (also denotes the German or Fraktur comma with a shape similar to /)
• Greek: κόμμα (el) n (kómma)
• Hebrew: פְּסִיק m (psik)
• Hindi: अल्पविराम (hi) m (alpavirām), कामा (hi) m (kāmā)
• Hungarian: vessző (hu)
• Icelandic: komma (is) f
• Ido: komo (io)
• Indonesian: koma (id)
• Interlingua: virgula, comma
• Irish: camóg f
• Italian: virgola (it) f
• Japanese: コンマ (ja) (konma), 読点 (ja) (とうてん, tōten)
• Kazakh: үтір (ütır)
• Khmer: សញ្ញាក្បៀស (saññaa kbiəh), កណ្ដកសញ្ញា (km) (kɑndɑk saññaa)
• Korean: 쉼표 (ko) (swimpyo), 콤마 (ko) (komma)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: vîrgul (ku), bêhnok (ku), koma (ku)

• Kyrgyz: үтүр (ky) (ütür)
• Lao: ຈຸດ (chut), ຈຸນລະພາກ (chun la phāk)
• Latin: comma n, sīcīlicus m, diastolē f
• Latvian: komats m
• Leonese: please add this translation if you can
• Ligurian: còmma f
• Lithuanian: kablelis (lt) m
• Lombard: please add this translation if you can
• Luxembourgish: Komma m
• Macedonian: запирка f (zapirka)
• Malay: koma
• Malayalam: അല്പവിരാമം (alpavirāmaṁ)
• Maori: piko
• Mirandese: please add this translation if you can
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: таслал (mn) (taslal)

• Neapolitan: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: komma n

• Occitan: virgula (oc) f
• Ossetian: къӕдзыг (k’æʒyg)
• Pannonian Rusyn: запята f (zapjata)
• Pashto: کامه f (kāma), وېرګول m (wirgul), ، (symbol)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: ویرْگول (fa) (virgul), واوَک (fa) (vâvak), دِرَنْگ‌نَما (derang-namâ), کاما (fa) (kâmâ), مُمَیِّز (fa) (momayyez) (decimal point, represented by a comma), ، (symbol)

• Piedmontese: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: przecinek (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: vírgula (pt) f
• Romagnol: please add this translation if you can
• Romanian: virgulă (ro) f
• Russian: запята́я (ru) f (zapjatája)
• Sardinian:

  Campidanese: vírgula f

• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: за́рез m, за̏пета f

  Roman: zárez (sh) m, zȁpeta (sh) f

• Shor: сеткин (setkin)
• Sicilian: please add this translation if you can
• Slovak: čiarka f
• Slovene: vejica (sl) f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: koma f

  Upper Sorbian: koma f

• Spanish: coma (es) f
• Swahili: alama ya mkato (sw), koma (sw)
• Swedish: komma (sv) n
• Tajik: вергул (vergul)
• Tarantino: please add this translation if you can
• Tatar: өтер (tt) (öter)
• Thai: จุลภาค (th) (jun-lá-pâak), ลูกน้ำ (th) (lûuk-náam), จุดลูกน้ำ (th) (jùt-lûuk-náam)
• Turkish: virgül (tr)
• Turkmen: otur
• Ukrainian: пере́тинка f (perétynka), ко́ма (uk) f (kóma)
• Urdu: کاما m (kāmā), سَکْتَہ m (sakta), ، (symbol)
• Uyghur: پەش (pesh)
• Uzbek: vergul (uz)
• Vietnamese: phẩy (vi)
• Volapük: liunül (vo)
• Walloon: please add this translation if you can
• Welsh: atalnod m, coma m
• West Frisian: komma c, skrapke n
• Yakut: тарып (tarıp)
• Yiddish: קאָמע f (kome)
• Zulu: uqhwishi class 1a/2a

Translations to be checked

comma (third-person singular simple present commas, present participle commaing, simple past and past participle commaed)

1. (rare, transitive) To place a comma or commas within text; to follow, precede, or surround a portion of text with commas.

Punctuation

• Homophones: commas, commât

comma

1. third-person singular past historic of commer

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔm.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɔmma
• Hyphenation: còm‧ma

comma m (plural commi)

1. (law) subsection, subparagraph

   ll secondo comma dell'articolo 3

   the second subparagraph of article 3

2. (music) comma

From the Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkɔm.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkɔm.ma]

comma n (genitive commatis); third declension

1. (in grammar):
   1. a comma (a division, member, or section of a period smaller than a colon)
   2. a comma (a mark of punctuation)
2. (in verse) a caesura

• In the works of Cicero and Quintilian, the untransliterated Greek κόμμα (kómma) is used for comma in the grammatical sense of “a division…of a period smaller than a colon”.

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

• caesum
• (comma: division of a period): incīsum (pure Latin)

• “comma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "comma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• comma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 348/3.

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