Town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Weinheim (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪnhaɪm] ⓘ; Palatine German: Woinem) is a town with about 43,000 inhabitants in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Heidelberg and 10 km (6 mi) northeast of Mannheim. Weinheim is known as the "Zwei-Burgen-Stadt", the "town of two castles", after two fortresses overlooking the town from the edge of the Odenwald in the east.
Weinheim is situated on the Bergstraße theme route on the western rim of the Odenwald. The old town lies in the valley, with the new part of town further to the west. The Market Square is filled with numerous cafes, as well as the old Rathaus (guildhall). Further to the south is the Schlossgarten (Palace Garden) and the Exotenwald (Exotic Forest), which contains species of trees imported from around the world, but mostly from North America and Japan.
Weinheim celebrated its 1250th anniversary in 2005.
The earliest record of Weinheim dates back to 755 CE, when the name "Winenheim" was recorded in the Lorsch codex, the record book of Lorsch Abbey.[3]
In 1000, Emperor Otto III bestowed on Weinheim the right to hold markets, and in 1065 the right to mint and issue coins. A new town developed next to the old town from 1250. In 1308, the old town was transferred to the Electorate of the Palatinate and from 1368 the whole town belonged to the Electorate. From the end of the 14th century, the whole town belonged to the Heidelberg Oberamt district. With the transfer to Baden in 1803, Weinheim became the seat of its own Amt, until unification with the Mannheim Landkreis (district) in 1936. Weinheim has been within the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis since its formation on 1 January 1973.
A Jewish community in Weinheim is recorded from 1228. There are records of Jewish persecution in 1298 (Rintfleisch massacres) and 1348–49 (Black Death persecutions) before the Jews were expelled from Weinheim in 1391. The Weinheim Jewish community began to grow again during the Thirty Years' War. There was a synagogue, a beth midrash, and a mikveh, and, in the 19th century, a school for boys together with a teacher-training college. The synagogue was destroyed in the Kristallnacht (9–10 November 1938) and the last remaining Jews were sent to Gurs on 22 October 1940.[4]
Lebanon Cedar in SchlossparkWeinheim's town museum occupies the former local headquarters of the Teutonic Order and holds exhibits about Weinheim and its surroundings. Exhibits include archaeology from the prehistoric through to the Merovingian dynasty, the highlight of which is the Nächstenbach bronze hoard of 76 objects from the late Bronze Age, and displays documenting the medieval and modern social history of the town together with works from contemporary artists.
Engraving of Weinheim by Matthäus Merian the elder (1645)Weinheim has two main train stations on the Main-Neckar Railway: Weinheim (Bergstraße) station (served by regional and long-distance IC trains) and Lützelsachsen (served by regional trains). These provide connections to Frankfurt, Hamburg and other destinations within Germany.
Weinheim is also served by the OEG tramway, which visits the town on the journey between Mannheim and Heidelberg.
The closest airports to Weinheim are:
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]Population figures are made up of a combination of official estimations, Volkszählungsergebnisse (semi-official figures, demarcated by a ¹), and official statistics based on place of residence (Hauptwohnsitz) registrations.
Year Population 1439 1,780 1774 1,774 1812 4,039 1830 5,000 1 December 1871 6,350 1 December 1880 ¹ 7,159 1 December 1890 ¹ 8,243 1 December 1900 ¹ 11,167 1 December 1910 ¹ 14,170 8 Oktober 1919 ¹ 14,550 16 June 1925 ¹ 15,793 16 June 1933 ¹ 17,486 17 May 1939 ¹ 18,561 Year Population December 1945 ¹ 19,944 13 September 1950 ¹ 25,199 6 June 1961 ¹ 27,859 27 May 1970 ¹ 29,670 31 December 1975 41,005 31 December 1980 41,654 27 May 1987 ¹ 41,934 31 December 1990 42,241 31 December 1995 42,812 31 December 2000 42,520 31 December 2005 43,417 30 June 2006 42,745 31 December 2010 43,014 31 December 2015 44,928 31 December 2016 45,174 31 December 2017 45,311 31 December 2018 45,462 31 December 2019 45,581 31 December 2020 45,497 31 December 2021 45,321 31 December 2022 45,417 31 December 2023 45,524 31 December 2024 45,574¹ These are taken from a Volkszählungsergebnis.
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler, 2019The town of Weinheim has made the following people honorary citizens (Ehrenbürger):
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