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Current United States federal appellate court
The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (in case citations, 8th Cir.) is a United States federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the following United States district courts:
The court is composed of 11 active judges and is based primarily at the Thomas F. Eagleton United States Courthouse in St. Louis, Missouri, and secondarily at the Warren E. Burger United States Courthouse in St. Paul, Minnesota. It is one of 13 United States courts of appeals. In 1929, Congress passed a statute dividing the Eighth Circuit that placed Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri, and Arkansas in the Eighth Circuit and created a Tenth Circuit that included Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, and Oklahoma.[1]
Current composition of the court[edit]As of September 12, 2024[update]:
# Title Judge Duty station Born Term of service Appointed by Active Chief Senior 55 Chief Judge Steven Colloton Des Moines, IA 1963 2003–present 2024–present — G.W. Bush 46 Circuit Judge James B. Loken Minneapolis, MN 1940 1990–present 2003–2010 — G.H.W. Bush 54 Circuit Judge Lavenski Smith Little Rock, AR 1958 2002–present 2017–2024 — G.W. Bush 56 Circuit Judge Raymond Gruender Saint Louis, MO 1963 2004–present — — G.W. Bush 57 Circuit Judge Duane Benton Kansas City, MO 1950 2004–present — — G.W. Bush 58 Circuit Judge Bobby Shepherd El Dorado, AR 1951 2006–present — — G.W. Bush 59 Circuit Judge Jane L. Kelly Cedar Rapids, IA 1964 2013–present — — Obama 60 Circuit Judge Ralph R. Erickson Fargo, ND 1959 2017–present — — Trump 61 Circuit Judge L. Steven Grasz Omaha, NE 1961 2018–present — — Trump 62 Circuit Judge David Stras Minneapolis, MN 1974 2018–present — — Trump 63 Circuit Judge Jonathan A. Kobes Sioux Falls, SD 1974 2018–present — — Trump 42 Senior Circuit Judge Pasco Bowman II inactive 1933 1983–2003 1998–1999 2003–present Reagan 43 Senior Circuit Judge Roger Leland Wollman inactive 1934 1985–2018 1999–2002 2018–present Reagan 45 Senior Circuit Judge C. Arlen Beam inactive 1930 1987–2001 — 2001–present Reagan 47 Senior Circuit Judge David R. Hansen inactive 1938 1991–2003 2002–2003 2003–present G.H.W. Bush 48 Senior Circuit Judge Morris S. Arnold Little Rock, AR 1941 1992–2006 — 2006–present G.H.W. Bush 53 Senior Circuit Judge Michael Joseph Melloy inactive 1948 2002–2013 — 2013–present G.W. Bush List of former judges[edit]Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their circuits, and preside over any panel on which they serve, unless the circuit justice (the Supreme Court justice responsible for the circuit) is also on the panel. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the circuit judges.
To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges, with seniority determined first by commission date, then by age. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. If no judge qualifies to be chief, the youngest judge over the age of 65 who has served on the court for at least one year shall act as chief until another judge qualifies. If no judge has served on the court for more than a year, the most senior judge shall act as chief. Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge.[5]
When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.[6]
Succession of seats[edit]The court has had thirteen seats for active judges. Two of these seats were reassigned to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, leaving a eleven-seat court. The seats are numbered in the order in which they were initially filled. Judges who assume senior status enter a kind of retirement in which they remain on the bench but vacate their seats, thus allowing the U.S. President to appoint new judges to fill their seats.
Seat 8 Established on May 24, 1940, by 54 Stat. 219 Johnsen NE 1940–1965 Lay MN 1966–1992 M. Arnold AR 1992–2006 Shepherd AR 2006–present Seat 10 Established on March 18, 1966, by 80 Stat. 75 Heaney MN 1966–1988 Loken MN 1990–present Seat 11 Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 R. Arnold AR 1980–2001 L. Smith AR 2002–present Seat 12 Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333 Wollman SD 1985–2018 Kobes SD 2018–present Seat 13 Established on December 1, 1990, by 104 Stat. 5089 Hansen IA 1991–2003 Colloton IA 2003–presentdoes not have a district court or federal territorial court; federal matters there go to the
District of Columbia,
Hawaii, or
its own Supreme Court.
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