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Template:Cite web - Wikipedia

This template is used on approximately 5,080,000 pages, or roughly 8% of all pages.
To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. This template is used by the standard installation of AutoWikiBrowser (AWB). If you are planning to make any major changes to this template, move it, or nominate it for deletion, please notify AWB's users and maintainers beforehand at Wikipedia talk:AWB as a courtesy.

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template. Do not use this template in the "External links" section of articles.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
To cite a web page with a credited author 
{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |website= |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}
To cite a web page with no credited author 
{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date= |title= |url= |website= |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}
To cite an online web page that has been archived 
{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |website= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=}}
To cite a web page written in a foreign language 
{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |trans-title= |website= |language= |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}
To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language web page re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription 
{{cite web |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |url= |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |website= |language= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}
Full parameter set in horizontal format 
{{cite web |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |display-authors= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |collaboration= |df= |date= |year= |orig-date= |orig-year= |location= |editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-link1= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |display-editors= |editor-mask1= |editor-mask2= |title= |script-title= |title-link= |url= |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |department= |website= |script-website= |trans-website= |type= |series= |language= |interviewer-last1= |interviewer-first1= |interviewer-link1= |interviewer-last2= |interviewer-first2= |interviewer-link2= |display-interviewers= |interviewer-mask1= |interviewer-mask2= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |others= |name-list-style= |edition= |publication-place= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |minutes= |time-caption= |time= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |eissn= |hdl= |hdl-access= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |medrxiv= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmc-embargo-date= |pmid= |rfc= |sbn= |ssrn= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= |zbl= |id= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-format= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |quote= |script-quote= |trans-quote= |mode= |ref= |postscript=}}
Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
To cite a web page with a credited author 
{{cite web
|last        = 
|first       = 
|date        = 
|title       = 
|url         = 
|website     = 
|location    = 
|publisher   = 
|access-date = 
}}
To cite a web page with no credited author 
{{cite web
|author      = <!-- not stated -->
|date        = 
|title       = 
|url         = 
|website     = 
|location    = 
|publisher   = 
|access-date = 
}}
To cite a web page article that has been archived 
{{cite web
|last         = 
|first        = 
|date         = 
|title        = 
|url          = 
|website      = 
|location     = 
|publisher    = 
|url-status   = 
|archive-url  = 
|archive-date = 
|access-date  = 
}}
To cite a web page written in a foreign language 
{{cite web
|last        = 
|first       = 
|date        = 
|title       = 
|url         = 
|trans-title = 
|website     = 
|language    = 
|location    = 
|publisher   = 
|access-date = 
}}
To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language web page re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription 
{{cite web
|last1        = 
|first1       = 
|last2        = 
|first2       = 
|date         = 
|title        = 
|url          = 
|url-access   = 
|trans-title  = 
|format       = 
|website      = 
|language     = 
|location     = 
|publisher    = 
|url-status   = 
|archive-url  = 
|archive-date = 
|access-date  = 
|via          = 
|quote        = 
}}
Full parameter set in vertical format Parameters Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes Vertical list Author's last name or single name author. Don't link. 
{{cite web
|last1                = 
|first1               = 
|author-link1         = 
|last2                = 
|first2               = 
|author-link2         = 
|display-authors      = 
|author-mask1         = 
|author-mask2         = 
|collaboration        = 
|df                   = 
|date                 = 
|year                 = 
|orig-date            = 
|orig-year            = 
|location             = 
|editor-last1         = 
|editor-first1        = 
|editor-link1         = 
|editor-last2         = 
|editor-first2        = 
|editor-link2         = 
|display-editors      = 
|editor-mask1         = 
|editor-mask2         = 
|title                = 
|script-title         = 
|title-link           = 
|url                  = 
|url-access           = 
|trans-title          = 
|format               = 
|department           = 
|website              = 
|script-website       = 
|trans-website        = 
|type                 = 
|series               = 
|language             = 
|interviewer-last1    = 
|interviewer-first1   = 
|interviewer-link1    = 
|interviewer-last2    = 
|interviewer-first2   = 
|interviewer-link2    = 
|display-interviewers = 
|interviewer-mask1    = 
|interviewer-mask2    = 
|translator-last1     = 
|translator-first1    = 
|translator-link1     = 
|translator-last2     = 
|translator-first2    = 
|translator-link2     = 
|display-translators  = 
|translator-mask1     = 
|translator-mask2     = 
|others               = 
|name-list-style      = 
|edition              = 
|publication-place    = 
|publisher            = 
|publication-date     = 
|agency               = 
|minutes              = 
|time-caption         = 
|time                 = 
|page                 = 
|pages                = 
|at                   = 
|no-pp                = 
|arxiv                = 
|asin                 = 
|asin-tld             = 
|bibcode              = 
|bibcode-access       = 
|biorxiv              = 
|citeseerx            = 
|doi                  = 
|doi-access           = 
|doi-broken-date      = 
|eissn                = 
|hdl                  = 
|hdl-access           = 
|isbn                 = 
|ismn                 = 
|issn                 = 
|jfm                  = 
|jstor                = 
|jstor-access         = 
|lccn                 = 
|medrxiv              = 
|mr                   = 
|oclc                 = 
|ol                   = 
|ol-access            = 
|osti                 = 
|osti-access          = 
|pmc                  = 
|pmc-embargo-date     = 
|pmid                 = 
|rfc                  = 
|sbn                  = 
|ssrn                 = 
|s2cid                = 
|s2cid-access         = 
|zbl                  = 
|id                   = 
|url-status           = 
|archive-url          = 
|archive-format       = 
|archive-date         = 
|access-date          = 
|via                  = 
|quote-page           = 
|quote-pages          = 
|quote                = 
|script-quote         = 
|trans-quote          = 
|mode                 = 
|ref                  = 
|postscript           = 
}}
Author's first name. Don't link. Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link. Like last1, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: last3, etc. Like first1, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: first3, etc. Like author-link1, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: author-link3, etc. Number (number of authors displayed) or etal (more authors) See Display options below; not for lists of cited works collaboration df date year orig-date date or year orig-year date or year can be used for written-at location when publication-place is used for publication place Like last1, but for editor. Don't link. Like first1, but for editor. Don't link. Like author-link1, but for editor. Don't link. Like last1, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: editor-last3, etc. Like first1, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: editor-first3, etc. Like author-link1, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: editor-link3, etc. display-editors Like display-authors, but for editors See Display options below; not for lists of cited works title This parameter is required. script-title title-link title or script-title Name of a Wikipedia article about the work. Do not use if url is provided url title or script-title This parameter is required. Do not use if title-link is provided url-access url trans-title title or script-title format url department or series Like last1, but for interviewer. Don't link. Like first1, but for interviewer. Don't link. Like author-link1, but for interviewer. Don't link. Like last1, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: interviewer-last3, etc. Like first1, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: interviewer-first3, etc. Like author-link1, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: interviewer-link3, etc. display-interviewers Like display-authors, but for interviewers See Display options below; not for lists of cited works Like last1, but for translator. Don't link. Like first1, but for translator. Don't link. Like author-link1, but for translator. Don't link. Like last1, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: translator-last3, etc. Like first1, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: translator-first3, etc. Like author-link1, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: translator-link3, etc. display-translators Like display-authors, but for translators See Display options below; not for lists of cited works others name-list-style Set to amp or ampersand to separate the last author with " & "; set to and to separate with " and " edition publication-place publication-date agency minutes time-caption time time choose one: page, pages, or at choose one: page, pages, or at. Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text. at choose one: page, pages, or at no-pp or set to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers asin-tld bibcode biorxiv biorxiv-access biorxiv citeseerx doi-access doi-broken-date hdl-access jstor-access medrxiv ol-access osti-access pmc-embargo-date s2cid-access url-status , url archive-format url via quote-page choose one: quote-page, quote-pages quote-pages choose one: quote-page, quote-pages. Use when quote contains contents from multiple pages. script-quote trans-quote mode cs1 or cs2 ref postscript If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Previously, editors had to decide whether to use {{cite web}} or {{cite news}} based on these templates' features. In 2014, however, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

As of 29 July 2016, {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences:

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

Examples

Using "format="

When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref))

If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF, which displays " (PDF)" after the link (but no PDF icon).

For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an .odt file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT, which displays " (ODT)" after the link.

Foreign language and translated title

Using author-link

Multiple authors

No author

No author, no publisher

Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived

By default, if "archive-url" is used, the parameter

|url-status=dead

is assumed and the resulting main link is to the archived version:

When

|url-status=live

is specified, the resulting main link is to the original page:

With

|url-status=unfit

or

usurped

, the original is not linked at all:

Using quote

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, or &#160;, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

What's new

What's new or changed recently Parameter Description Date N/A

Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters Deprecated parameter Replace with Date none deprecated at present Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters Removed parameter Replace with Date Note |authors= |lastn= / |firstn=, |authorn=, |vauthors= August 2024

Description

Authors

Date

"Wikipedia:Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see

Template:Undated

.

Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets.
For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.
For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  1. ^ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.

Editors

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
This parameter is required and will generate an error if not defined. On errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |no-tracking=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.

URL

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Character space " ' < > [ ] { | } Encoding %20 %22 %27 %3C %3E %5B %5D %7B %7C %7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

  1. ^ a b Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.

Website

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

Edition, series

Publisher

In-source locations

Identifiers

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.

Four access levels can be used:

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked as free. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add |archive-url= and |archive-date= values if possible.

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}

which renders as:

"Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.

Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.

Tracking of free DOIs

Quote

Anchor

Display options

TemplateData

This section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information see Help:Citation Style 1#TemplateData

Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.

Template parameters[Edit template data]

This template has custom formatting.

Parameter Description Type Status Last name last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname subject

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Line suggested First name first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Line suggested Author link author-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link subject-link1 subject1-link authorlink

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Page name optional Last name 2 last2 author2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

Line optional First name 2 first2

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 2 author-link2 author2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.

Page name optional Last name 3 last3 author3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

Line optional First name 3 first3

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 3 author-link3 author3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

Page name optional Last name 4 last4 author4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

Line optional First name 4 first4

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 4 author-link4 author4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

Page name optional Last name 5 last5 author5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

Line optional First name 5 first5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 5 author-link5 author5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

Page name optional Last name 6 last6 author6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

Line optional First name 6 first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 6 author-link6 author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

Page name optional Last name 7 last7 author7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

Line optional First name 7 first7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 7 author-link7 author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

Page name optional Last name 8 last8 author8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

Line optional First name 8 first8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 8 author-link8 author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

Page name optional Last name 9 last9 author9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'.

Line optional First name 9 first9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 9 author-link9 author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

Page name optional Last name 10 last10 author10

The surname of the tenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link10'.

Line optional First name 10 first10

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the tenth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 10 author-link10 author10-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the tenth author.

Page name optional Last name 11 last11 author11

The surname of the eleventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link11'.

Line optional First name 11 first11

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eleventh author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 11 author-link11 author11-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eleventh author.

Page name optional Last name 12 last12 author12

The surname of the twelfth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link12'.

Line optional First name 12 first12

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the twelfth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 12 author-link12 author12-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the twelfth author.

Page name optional Last name 13 last13 author13

The surname of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link13'.

Line optional First name 13 first13

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 13 author-link13 author13-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the thirteenth author.

Page name optional Last name 14 last14 author14

The surname of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link14'.

Line optional First name 14 first14

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 14 author-link14 author14-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourteenth author.

Page name optional Last name 15 last15 author15

The surname of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link15'.

Line optional First name 15 first15

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink.

Line optional Author link 15 author-link15 author15-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifteenth author.

Page name optional Author mask author-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

String optional Display authors display-authors

Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al.

String optional Name list style name-list-style

Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

Suggested values
amp and vanc
String optional Source date date

Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink

Date suggested Year of publication year

Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter

String optional Original date orig-date

Original date of publication; provide specifics

Date optional Editor last name editor-last editor1-last editor

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.

Line optional Editor first name editor-first editor1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

Line optional Editor link editor-link editor1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

Page name optional Editor last name 2 editor2-last editor2

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 2 editor2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 2 editor2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.

Page name optional Editor last name 3 editor3-last editor3

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 3 editor3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 3 editor3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.

Page name optional Editor last name 4 editor4-last editor4

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 4 editor4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 4 editor4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.

Page name optional Editor last name 5 editor5-last editor5

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 5 editor5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 5 editor5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.

Page name optional Editor last name 6 editor6-last editor6

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 6 editor6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 6 editor6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.

Page name optional Editor last name 7 editor7-last editor7

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 7 editor7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 7 editor7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.

Page name optional Editor last name 8 editor8-last editor8

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 8 editor8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 8 editor8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.

Page name optional Editor last name 9 editor9-last editor9

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.

Line optional Editor first name 9 editor9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.

Line optional Editor link 9 editor9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.

Page name optional Others others

Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith'

String optional Title title

The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website.

String required Script title script-title

For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

String optional Translated title trans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

String optional URL url URL

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "https://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."

Example
https://www.metacritic.com//...
URL required URL access level url-access

Classification of the access restrictions on the URL

Suggested values
registration subscription limited
Example
'registration', 'subscription' or 'limited'
String optional URL status url-status

If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.

Suggested values
dead live usurped unfit deviated
Default
'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
Example
'dead' or 'live'
String suggested Archive URL archive-url archiveurl

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

Auto value
URL suggested Archive date archive-date archivedate

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

Date suggested Archive format archive-format

Format of the archived copy; do not specify HTML

Example
PDF, DOC, XLS
String optional URL access date access-date accessdate

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

Date suggested Name of the website website work

Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases.

Example
[[Rotten Tomatoes]]
String suggested Series identifier series

Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal

String optional Publisher publisher

Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases.

Example
[[Fandom, Inc.]] (which owns "Metacritic.com")
String optional Place place

For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written; will be treated as the publication place if publication place is absent; alias of 'location'

String optional Page page

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

String optional Pages pages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'

String optional At at

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

String optional Language language lang

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use a two-letter language code or the full language name. Do not use icons or templates. Separate multiple languages with commas

Example
de, fr, es
String optional Type type

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

String optional Format format

Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

String optional Place of publication publication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

String optional Publication date publication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

Date optional Date format df

Sets rendered dates to the specified format

String optional Published via via

Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work.

Example
[[GitHub]], [[SourceForge]], [[CodePlex]], [[YouTube]], [[Vimeo]], [[Dailymotion]], [[Netflix]], [[Archive.org]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[grc.com]]
String optional No pp no-pp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

Auto value
y
Boolean optional arXiv identifier arxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

String optional ASIN asin

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

String optional ASIN TLD asin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

String optional Bibcode bibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

String optional biorXiv biorxiv

biorXiv identifier; 6 digits

Line optional CiteSeerX citeseerx

CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

Line optional DOI doi

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

String optional DOI broken date doi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

Auto value
Date optional ISBN isbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

String optional ISSN issn

International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

String optional jfm code jfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

String optional JSTOR jstor

JSTOR identifier

String optional LCCN lccn

Library of Congress Control Number

String optional MR mr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

String optional OCLC oclc

Online Computer Library Center number

String optional OL ol

Open Library identifier

String optional OSTI osti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

String optional PMC pmc

PubMed Center article number

String optional PMID pmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

String optional RFC rfc

Request for Comments number

String optional SSRN ssrn

Social Science Research Network

String optional Zbl zbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

String optional id id

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

String optional Quote quote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation

String optional Translated quote trans-quote

English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets.

String optional Ref ref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references

String optional Postscript postscript

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined

Default
.
String optional Edition edition

Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'

Example
2nd
Line optional Bibcode access level bibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
String optional DOI access level doi-access

If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
String optional HDL access level hdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
String optional Jstor access level jstor-access

If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
String optional OpenLibrary access level ol-access

If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
String optional OSTI access level osti-access

If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
String optional Agency agency

The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

String optional

See also

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

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