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South Asian English - Wikipedia

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Regional variation of British English spoken in South Asia

South Asian English, informally Desi English,^[1] refers to English dialects spoken in most modern-day South Asian countries, inherited from British English dialect. Also known as Anglo-Indian English during the British Raj, the English language was introduced to the Indian subcontinent in the early 17th century. Today it is spoken as a second language by about 350 million people, 20% of the total population.^[2]

Although it is fairly homogeneous across the subcontinent, sharing "linguistic features and tendencies at virtually all linguistic levels", there are some differences based on various regional factors.^[3]

South Asian English is sometimes just called "Indian English", as British India included most of modern-day South Asia (except Afghanistan). But today, the varieties of English are officially divided according to the modern states:

• Bangladeshi English
• Indian English
• Maldivian English
• Nepalese English
• Pakistani English
• Sri Lankan English

English-language public instruction began in the subcontinent in the 1830s during the

. In 1835, English

as the official language of the East India Company.

played a major role in introducing English and Western concepts into educational institutions in British-India. He supported the replacement of Persian by English as the official language, the use of English as the medium of instruction in all schools, and the training of English-speaking Indians as teachers.

Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, primary, middle, and high schools were opened in many districts of

, with most high schools offering English language instruction in some subjects. In 1857, just before the end of East India Company rule, universities that were modeled on the

and used English as the medium of instruction were established in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. During the

(1858 to 1947), English-language penetration increased throughout the subcontinent. This was driven in part by the gradually increasing hiring of Indians in the

. At the time of

in 1947, English was the only functional

in the region.

• Englishisation in South Asia
• Commonwealth English

1. ^ "Very Very Indian: What Makes Desi English So Unique". www.readersdigest.in. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
2. ^ Baumgardner, p. 1
3. ^ Schilk, Marco; Bernaisch, Tobias; Mukherjee, Joybrato (2012), Hundt, Marianne; Gut, Ulrike (eds.), "Mapping unity and diversity in South Asian English lexicogrammar: Verb-complementational preferences across varieties", Varieties of English Around the World, vol. G43, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 140, doi:10.1075/veaw.g43.06sch, ISBN 978-90-272-4903-6, retrieved 1 March 2025
4. ^ MacKenzie, John (January 2013). "A family empire", BBC History Magazine.

• Robert J. Baumgardner, ed. (1996). South Asian English: Structure, Use, and Users. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252064933..
• Braj Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, Cecil Nelson, The Handbook of World Englishes, 2009, ISBN 1405188316.

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