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Phosphate mineral - Wikipedia

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Nickel–Strunz 9 ed mineral class number 8 (isolated tetrahedral units, mainly)

Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO3−4) anion, sometimes with arsenate (AsO3−4) and vanadate (VO3−4) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl⁻), fluoride (F⁻), and hydroxide (OH⁻) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.

The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.

Phosphate rock has high concentration of phosphate minerals, most commonly from the apatite group of minerals. It is the major resource mined to produce phosphate fertilizers for the agricultural industry. Phosphate is also used in animal feed supplements, food preservatives, anti-corrosion agents, cosmetics, fungicides, ceramics, water treatment and metallurgy.

The production of fertilizer is the largest source responsible for minerals mined for their phosphate content.

Phosphate minerals are often used to control rust, and to prevent corrosion on ferrous materials applied with electrochemical conversion coatings.

Phosphate minerals include:

• Triphylite Li(Fe,Mn)PO₄
• Monazite (La, Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ce,Th)PO₄, rare earth metals
• Hinsdalite PbAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
• Pyromorphite Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
• Amblygonite LiAlPO₄F
• Lazulite (Mg,Fe)Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
• Wavellite Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃·5H₂O
• Turquoise CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·5H₂O
• Autunite Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10–12H₂O
• Phosphophyllite Zn₂(Fe,Mn)(PO₄)₂·4H₂O
• Struvite (NH₄)MgPO₄·6H₂O
• Xenotime-Y Y(PO₄)
• Apatite group Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)
  • Hydroxylapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH
  • Fluorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
  • Chlorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
  • Bromapatite
• Mitridatite group:
  • Arseniosiderite-mitridatite series (Ca₂(Fe³⁺)₃[(O)₂|(AsO₄)₃]·3H₂O -- Ca₂(Fe³⁺)₃[(O)₂|(PO₄)₃]·3H₂O)^[1]
  • Arseniosiderite-robertsite series (Ca₂(Fe³⁺)₃[(O)₂|(AsO₄)₃]·3H₂O -- Ca₃(Mn³⁺)₄[(OH)₃|(PO₄)₂]₂·3H₂O)^[2]

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).

• Abbreviations:
  • "*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
  • "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
  • "REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
  • "PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
  • 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V^[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
    • Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
    • Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
    • Cyclo: ring
    • Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
    • Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
    • Tekto: three-dimensional framework
• Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
  • NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
  • X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
  • Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
  • ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

• 08.A Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H₂O
  • 08.AA With small cations (some also with larger ones): 05 Berlinite, 05 Rodolicoite; 10 Beryllonite, 15 Hurlbutite, 20 Lithiophosphate, 25 Nalipoite, 30 Olympite
  • 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 05 Farringtonite; 10 Ferrisicklerite, 10 Heterosite, 10 Natrophilite, 10 Lithiophilite, 10 Purpurite, 10 Sicklerite, 10 Simferite, 10 Triphylite; 15 Chopinite, 15 Sarcopside; 20 Beusite, 20 Graftonite
  • 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 10 IMA2008-054, 10 Alluaudite, 10 Hagendorfite, 10 Ferroalluaudite, 10 Maghagendorfite, 10 Varulite, 10 Ferrohagendorfite*; 15 Bobfergusonite, 15 Ferrowyllieite, 15 Qingheiite, 15 Rosemaryite, 15 Wyllieite, 15 Ferrorosemaryite; 20 Maricite, 30 Brianite, 35 Vitusite-(Ce); 40 Olgite?, 40 Bario-olgite; 45 Ferromerrillite, 45 Bobdownsite, 45 Merrillite-(Ca)*, 45 Merrillite, 45 Merrillite-(Y)*, 45 Whitlockite, 45 Tuite, 45 Strontiowhitlockite; 50 Stornesite-(Y), 50 Xenophyllite, 50 Fillowite, 50 Chladniite, 50 Johnsomervilleite, 50 Galileiite; 55 Harrisonite, 60 Kosnarite, 65 Panethite, 70 Stanfieldite, 90 IMA2008-064
  • 08.AD With only large cations: 05 Nahpoite, 10 Monetite, 15 Archerite, 15 Biphosphammite; 20 Phosphammite, 25 Buchwaldite; 35 Pretulite, 35 Xenotime-(Y), 35 Xenotime-(Yb); 45 Ximengite, 50 Monazite-(Ce), 50 Monazite-(La), 50 Monazite-(Nd), 50 Monazite-(Sm), 50 Brabantite?
• 08.B Phosphates, etc. with Additional Anions, without H₂O
  • 08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Vayrynenite; 10 Hydroxylherderite, 10 Herderite; 15 Babefphite
  • 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ £1:1: 05 Amblygonite, 05 Natromontebrasite?, 05 Montebrasite?, 05 Tavorite; 10 Zwieselite, 10 Triplite, 10 Magniotriplite?, 10 Hydroxylwagnerite; 15 Joosteite, 15 Stanekite, 15 Triploidite, 15 Wolfeite, 15 Wagnerite; 20 Satterlyite, 20 Holtedahlite; 25 Althausite; 30 Libethenite, 30 Zincolibethenite; 35 Tarbuttite; 40 Barbosalite, 40 Hentschelite, 40 Scorzalite, 40 Lazulite; 45 Trolleite, 55 Phosphoellenbergerite; 90 Zinclipscombite, 90 Lipscombite, 90 Richellite
  • 08.BC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 1:1 and < 2:1: 10 Plimerite, 10 Frondelite, 10 Rockbridgeite
  • 08.BD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 2:1: 05 Pseudomalachite, 05 Reichenbachite, 10 Gatehouseite, 25 Ludjibaite
  • 08.BE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 2:1: 05 Augelite, 10 Grattarolaite, 15 Cornetite, 30 Raadeite, 85 Waterhouseite
  • 08.BF With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 0.5:1: 05 Arrojadite, 05 Arrojadite-(BaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KFe), 05 Arrojadite-(NaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(SrFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KNa), 05 Arrojadite-(PbFe), 05 Arrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(KNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe), 05 Ferri-arrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Dickinsonite, 05 Dickinsonite-(KNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KMnNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KNaNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(NaNa); 10 Samuelsonite, 15 Griphite, 20 Nabiasite
  • 08.BG With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 0.5:1: 05 Bearthite, 05 Goedkenite, 05 Tsumebite; 10 Melonjosephite, 15 Tancoite
  • 08.BH With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO₄ = 1:1: 05 Thadeuite; 10 Lacroixite, 10 Isokite, 10 Panasqueiraite; 15 Drugmanite; 20 Bjarebyite, 20 Kulanite, 20 Penikisite, 20 Perloffite, 20 Johntomaite; 25 Bertossaite, 25 Palermoite; 55 Jagowerite, 60 Attakolite
  • 08.BK With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.): 05 Brazilianite, 15 Curetonite, 25 Lulzacite
  • 08.BL With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 3:1: 05 Corkite, 05 Hinsdalite, 05 Orpheite, 05 Woodhouseite, 05 Svanbergite; 10 Kintoreite, 10 Benauite, 10 Crandallite, 10 Goyazite, 10 Springcreekite, 10 Gorceixite; 10 Lusungite?, 10 Plumbogummite, 10 Ferrazite?; 13 Eylettersite, 13 Florencite-(Ce), 13 Florencite-(La), 13 Florencite-(Nd), 13 Waylandite, 13 Zairite; 15 Viitaniemiite, 20 Kuksite, 25 Pattersonite
  • 08.BM With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 4:1: 10 Paulkellerite, 15 Brendelite
  • 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 0.33:1: 05 IMA2008-068, 05 Phosphohedyphane, 05 IMA2008-009, 05 Alforsite, 05 Apatite*, 05 Apatite-(CaOH), 05 Apatite-(CaCl), 05 Apatite-(CaF), 05 Apatite-(SrOH), 05 Apatite-(CaOH)-M, Carbonate-fluorapatite?, 05 Carbonate-hydroxylapatite?, 05 Belovite-(Ce), 05 Belovite-(La), 05 Fluorcaphite, 05 Pyromorphite, 05 Hydroxylpyromorphite, 05 Deloneite-(Ce), 05 Kuannersuite-(Ce), 10 Arctite
  • 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ 1:1: 05 Nacaphite, 10 Petitjeanite, 15 Smrkovecite, 25 Heneuite, 30 Nefedovite, 40 Artsmithite
• 08.C Phosphates without Additional Anions, with H₂O
  • 08.CA With small and large/medium cations: 05 Fransoletite, 05 Parafransoletite; 10 Ehrleite, 15 Faheyite; 20 Gainesite, 20 Mccrillisite, 20 Selwynite; 25 Pahasapaite, 30 Hopeite, 40 Phosphophyllite; 45 Parascholzite, 45 Scholzite; 65 Gengenbachite, 70 Parahopeite
  • 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:1: 05 Serrabrancaite, 10 Hureaulite
  • 08.CC With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:1.5: 05 Garyansellite, 05 Kryzhanovskite, 05 Landesite, 05 Phosphoferrite, 05 Reddingite
  • 08.CD With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:2: 05 Kolbeckite, 05 Metavariscite, 05 Phosphosiderite; 10 Strengite, 10 Variscite; 20 Ludlamite
  • 08.CE With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O £1:2.5: 10 Newberyite, 20 Phosphorrosslerite; 25 Metaswitzerite, 25 Switzerite; 35 Bobierrite; 40 Arupite, 40 Baricite, 40 Vivianite, 40 Pakhomovskyite; 50 Cattiite, 55 Koninckite; 75 IMA2008-046, 75 Malhmoodite; 80 Santabarbaraite, 85 Metavivianite
  • 08.CF With large and medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O > 1:1: 05 Tassieite, 05 Wicksite, 05 Bederite; 10 Haigerachite
  • 08.CG With large and medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:1: 05 Collinsite, 05 Cassidyite, 05 Fairfieldite, 05 Messelite, 05 Hillite, (05 Uranophane-beta but Uranophane 09.AK.15); 20 Phosphogartrellite
  • 08.CH With large and medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O < 1:1: 10 Anapaite, 20 Dittmarite, 20 Niahite, 25 Francoanellite, 25 Taranakite, 30 Schertelite, 35 Hannayite, 40 Hazenite, 40 Struvite, 40 Struvite-(K), 45 Rimkorolgite, 50 Bakhchisaraitsevite, 55 IMA2008-048
  • 08.CJ With only large cations: 05 Stercorite, 10 Mundrabillaite, 10 Swaknoite, 15 Nastrophite, 15 Nabaphite, 45 Brockite, 45 Grayite, 45 Rhabdophane-(Ce), 45 Rhabdophane-(La), 45 Rhabdophane-(Nd), 45 Tristramite, 50 Brushite, 50 Churchite-(Dy)*, 50 Churchite-(Nd), 50 Churchite-(Y), 50 Ardealite, 60 Dorfmanite, 70 Catalanoite, 80 Ningyoite
• 08.D Phosphates
  • 08.DA With small (and occasionally larger) cations: 05 Moraesite, 10 Footemineite, 10 Ruifrancoite, 10 Guimaraesite, 10 Roscherite, 10 Zanazziite, 10 Atencioite, 10 Greifensteinite; 15 Uralolite, 20 Weinebeneite, 25 Tiptopite, 30 Veszelyite, 35 Kipushite, 40 Spencerite, 45 Glucine
  • 08.DB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 1:1: 05 Diadochite, 10 Vashegyite, 15 Schoonerite, 20 Sinkankasite, 25 Mitryaevaite, 30 Sanjuanite, 50 Giniite, 55 Sasaite, 60 Mcauslanite, 65 Goldquarryite, 70 Birchite
  • 08.DC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 1:1 and < 2:1: 05 Nissonite; 15 Kunatite, 15 Earlshannonite, 15 Whitmoreite; 17 Kleemanite, 20 Bermanite, 207? Oxiberaunite*, 22 Kovdorskite; 25 Ferrostrunzite, 25 Ferristrunzite, 25 Metavauxite, 25 Strunzite; 27 Beraunite; 30 Gordonite, 30 Laueite, 30 Sigloite, 30 Paravauxite, 30 Ushkovite, 30 Ferrolaueite, 30 Mangangordonite, 30 Pseudolaueite, 30 Stewartite, 30 Kastningite, 35 Vauxite, 37 Vantasselite, 40 Cacoxenite; 45 Gormanite, 45 Souzalite; 47 Kingite; 50 Wavellite, 50 Allanpringite, 52 Kribergite, 60 Nevadaite
  • 08.DD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 2:1: 15 Aheylite, 15 Chalcosiderite, 15 Faustite, 15 Planerite, 15 Turquoise; 20 Ernstite, 20 Childrenite, 20 Eosphorite
  • 08.DE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 3:1: 05 Senegalite, 10 Fluellite, 20 Zapatalite, (35 Alumoakermanite, Mindat.org: 09.BB.10), 35 Aldermanite
  • 08.DF With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO₄ > 3:1: 05 Hotsonite-VII, 05 Hotsonite-VI; 10 Bolivarite, 10 Evansite, 10 Rosieresite, 25 Sieleckiite, 40 Gladiusite
  • 08.DG With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 0.5:1: 05 Sampleite
  • 08.DH With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 1:1: 05 Minyulite; 10 Leucophosphite, 10 Spheniscidite, 10 Tinsleyite; 15 Kaluginite*, 15 Keckite, 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnFe), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMn), 15 Jahnsite-(MnMnMn)*, 15 Jahnsite-(CaFeFe), 15 Jahnsite-(NaFeMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMgMg), 15 Jahnsite-(NaMnMg), 15 Rittmannite, 15 Whiteite-(MnFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaMnMg); 20 Manganosegelerite, 20 Overite, 20 Segelerite, 20 Wilhelmvierlingite, 20 Juonniite; 25 Calcioferrite, 25 Kingsmountite, 25 Montgomeryite, 25 Zodacite; 30 Lunokite, 30 Pararobertsite, 30 Robertsite, 30 Mitridatite; 35 Matveevite?, 35 Mantienneite, 35 Paulkerrite, 35 Benyacarite, 40 Xanthoxenite, 55 Englishite
  • 08.DJ With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 1:l: 05 Johnwalkite, 05 Olmsteadite, 10 Gatumbaite, 20 Meurigite-Na, 20 Meurigite-K, 20 Phosphofibrite, 25 Jungite, 30 Wycheproofite, 35 Ercitite, 40 Mrazekite
  • 08.DK With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 1:1 and < 2:1: 15 Matioliite, 15 IMA2008-056, 15 Dufrenite, 15 Burangaite, 15 Natrodufrenite; 20 Kidwellite, 25 Bleasdaleite, 30 Matulaite, 35 Krasnovite
  • 08.DL With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 2:1: 05 Foggite; 10 Cyrilovite, 10 Millisite, 10 Wardite; 15 Petersite-(Y), 15 Calciopetersite; 25 Angastonite
  • 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 2:1: 05 Morinite, 15 Melkovite, 25 Gutsevichite?, 35 Delvauxite
  • 08.DN With only large cations: 05 Natrophosphate, 10 Isoclasite, 15 Lermontovite, 20 Vyacheslavite
  • 08.DO With CO₃, SO₄, SiO₄: 05 Girvasite, 10 Voggite, 15 Peisleyite, 20 Perhamite, 25 Saryarkite-(Y), 30 Micheelsenite, 40 Parwanite, 45 Skorpionite
• 08.E Uranyl Phosphates
  • 08.EA UO₂:RO₄ = 1:2: 05 Phosphowalpurgite, 10 Parsonsite, 15 Ulrichite, 20 Lakebogaite
  • 08.EB UO₂:RO₄ = 1:1: 05 Autunite, 05 Uranocircite, 05 Torbernite, 05 Xiangjiangite, 05 Saleeite; 10 Bassetite, 10 Meta-autunite, 10 Metauranocircite, 10 Metatorbernite, 10 Lehnerite, 10 Przhevalskite; 15 Chernikovite, 15 Meta-ankoleite, 15 Uramphite; 20 Threadgoldite, 25 Uranospathite, 30 Vochtenite, 35 Coconinoite, 40 Ranunculite, 45 Triangulite, 50 Furongite, 55 Sabugalite
  • 08.EC UO₂:RO₄ = 3:2: 05 Francoisite-(Ce), 05 Francoisite-(Nd), 05 Phuralumite, 05 Upalite; 10 Kivuite?, 10 Yingjiangite, 10 Renardite, 10 Dewindtite, 10 Phosphuranylite; 15 Dumontite; 20 Metavanmeersscheite, 20 Vanmeersscheite; 25 Althupite, 30 Mundite, 35 Phurcalite, 40 Bergenite
  • 08.ED Unclassified: 05 Moreauite, 10 Sreinite, 15 Kamitugaite
• 08.F Polyphosphates
  • 08.FA Polyphosphates, without OH and H₂O; dimers of corner-sharing RO₄ tetrahedra: 20 Pyrocoproite*, 20 Pyrophosphite*
  • 08.FC Polyphosphates, with H₂O only: 10 Canaphite, 20 Arnhemite*, 25 Wooldridgeite, 30 Kanonerovite
• 08.X Unclassified Strunz Phosphates
  • 08.XX Unknown: 00 Sodium-autunite, 00 Pseudo-autunite*, 00 Cheralite-(Ce)?, 00 Laubmannite?, 00 Spodiosite?, 00 Sodium meta-autunite, 00 Kerstenite?, 00 Lewisite, 00 Coeruleolactite, 00 Viseite, 00 IMA2009-005

• Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 0-471-80580-7
• Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel & Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080. Bibcode:2009EJMin..21.1073M. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on Oct 30, 2013.
• Ernest H. Nickel & Monte C. Nichols (March 2009). "IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Name" (PDF). IMA-CNMNC. Archived from the original (PDF) on Jun 26, 2013.
• Ferraiolo, Jim. "Minerals Arranged by Nickel-Strunz (Version 10) Classification". Mineralogy Database. Archived from the original on Aug 4, 2023.
• Webmineral - Dana
• - Australian Mineral Atlas

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• "Native elements" (IDs 1)
• Organic minerals (IDs 10)

• Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F)
• Sulfosalts; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G)

• Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K)
• Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M)

• Oxides (IDs 4.A–E, e.g. pyrochlore supergroup and corundum group)

• Hydroxides (IDs 4.F–G)
• Arsenates(IV), sulfates(IV) and iodates (IDs 4.J–K)

• Tellurium oxysalts
• Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)

• Carbonates (IDs 5.A–E)
• Nitrates (IDs 5.N)
• Borates (IDs 6)
• Halides (IDs 3)

• Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates)

• Sulfates(VI) (IDs 7.A–E)
• Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J)

• Chromates(VI) (IDs 7.F)
• Molybdates, wolframates, niobates(VI) (IDs 7.G–H)

• Phosphates(V) (IDs 8)
• Arsenates, vanadates(V) (IDs 8)

• Monomeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A)
• Germanates (IDs 9.J)

• Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates

• Zeolite frameworks, zeolite family (IDs 9.G)

• Other feldspathoids: nephelines (IDs 9.FA.05)
• Cancrinite-sodalite groups (IDs 9.FB.)

• Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g. feldspars)

• Other silicate frameworks

• Cyclosilicates (IDs 9.C)
• Phyllosilicates (IDs 9.E, e.g. clays)
• Silica family (IDs 4.DA.)

• Inosilicates

• Single chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. pyroxenes)

• Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. amphiboles)

• Other non monomeric minerals

• Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H)

• Sorosilicates (IDs 9.B, e.g. epidote and seidozerite supergroups)

• Polymeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A, e.g. olivine and gadolinite supergroups)

• Other inorganic polymers (e.g. polyoxometalates; "polyphosphates", IDs 8.F)

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