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Pamphiliidae - Wikipedia
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Family of sawflies
Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small family within Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. The larvae feed on plants (often conifers), using silk to build webs or tents, or to roll leaves into tubes in which they feed, thus earning them the common names leaf-rolling sawflies or web-spinning sawflies. Some species are gregarious and the larvae live in large groups. Fossils of Pamphiliidae have been dated to the Jurassic period.[1]
They are distinguished from the closely related Megalodontesidae by their simple, filiform antennae.
The family is currently divided into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis of both extant and extinct species.[2]
- ^ Hymenoptera of the world : an identification guide to families. Goulet, Henri., Huber, John T. (John Theodore), Canada. Agriculture Canada. Research Branch. Ottawa, Ont.: Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research. 1993. ISBN 0-660-14933-8. OCLC 28024976.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
- ^ Wang, M.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Li, H.; Shih, C.; Sharkey, M.J.; Ren, D. (2015). "Phylogenetic analyses elucidate the inter‐relationships of Pamphilioidea (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)". Cladistics. 32 (3): 239–260. doi:10.1111/cla.12129. PMID 34736302. S2CID 59397749.
- ^ Wang, M.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2014). "A new fossil genus in Pamphiliidae (Hymenoptera) from China". Alcheringa. 38 (3): 391–397. doi:10.1080/03115518.2014.884366. S2CID 128749776.
- ^ Jouault, C.; Wei, M.C.; Niu, G.Y.; Nel, A. (2022). "Revision of the Oligocene pamphiliid genus and species Tapholyda caplani (Cockerell, 1933)". Palaeoentomology. 5 (2): 173–182. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.11.
- ^ Archibald, S.B.; Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2015). "New early Eocene Siricomorpha (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 148 (2): 209–228. doi:10.4039/tce.2015.55. S2CID 85743832.
- Borror, D. J., DeLong, D. M., Triplehorn, C. A.(1976) cuarta edición. An introduction to the study of insects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. New York, Chicago. ISBN 0-03-088406-3
Extant
Hymenopteran
families
S
y
m
p
h
y
t
a Tenthredinoidea
Xyeloidea Xyelidae Pamphilioidea
Siricoidea
Xiphydrioidea
Cephoidea
Orussoidea
A
p
o
c
r
i
t
a P
a
r
a
s
i
t
i
c
a Ichneumonoidea
Ceraphronoidea
Proctotrupomorpha Platygastroidea
Cynipoidea
Proctotrupoidea (s.str.)
Diaprioidea
Mymarommatoidea
Chalcidoidea
(chalcid wasps)
Evanioidea
Stephanoidea
Megalyroidea
Trigonaloidea
A
c
u
l
e
a
t
a Chrysidoidea
Vespoidea
Tiphioidea
Thynnoidea
Pompiloidea
Scolioidea
Formicoidea
Apoidea Spheciformes
(sphecoid wasps)
Anthophila
(bees)
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