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Order of British India - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Award

1st class Insignia of design awarded from 1939, with presentation case

The Order of British India was an order of merit established in 1837 by the East India Company for "long, faithful and honourable service".[2] The company's powers were removed after the Indian Mutiny, and the Order was incorporated into the British Honours System in 1859. The order became obsolete in 1947, after the partition of British India into the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan.

The Order of British India was awarded by the Viceroy of India for long, faithful and honourable service by Viceroy's Commissioned (i.e. native Indian) Officers in the Indian Army. While the Order could be awarded for distinguished service on a particular campaign, it was more often awarded to selected serving officers of between 20 and 30 years service.

When first ordered by Lord William Bentinck in April 1837, the Order was intended as a means of providing recognition for serving Indian officers in the East India Company's military forces. These so-called "Native Officers" faced slow promotion under a system that was based on advancement through seniority. The 1st Class of the Order conferred the title of sirdar bahadoor on the 100 subedars and risaldars (senior Indian officer ranks) to whom membership was limited, plus an increase in salary of two rupees a day. Appointments to the 2nd Class, limited to a further 100 Indian officers of any rank, entitled the recipient to the title of bahadoor and a more modest wage increase. In an article published in the Calcutta Review in 1856 Henry Lawrence however expressed the opinion that the Order had become "virtually the reward of old age" with its wearers mostly limited to retired pensioners.

In September 1939 eligibility was extended to include native officers serving in the Indian States Forces, Frontier Corps and Military Police,[3] and further extended in January 1944 to include native officers and Indian Warrant Officers in the Royal Indian Navy and the Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery, as well as foreign officers, who could be appointed honorary members of the Order.[4]

The Order was awarded in two classes, both worn from a neck ribbon:[5]
First Class. The badge consisted of a gold star 1.7 inches (43 mm) in diameter composed of rays of gold with in the centre the words ORDER OF BRITISH INDIA encircling a lion on a background of light blue enamel, surrounded by a laurel wreath, surmounted by a Crown. The enamel behind the wording was dark blue until 1939, when it was changed to the same light blue as appears behind the lion.[5] Recipients of the first class were entitled to use the title Sardar Bahadur (heroic leader).[3]
Second class. The badge comprised a slightly smaller gold star 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter of similar design to the first class, but without the crown and with the centre enamel in dark blue enamel. Recipients of the second class were entitled to the title Bahadur (hero).[3]

Holders of both classes could use the post-nominal letters OBI.[3]

All initial awards to the Order were in the second class, with appointments to the first class made from existing members of the second class.[2]

The ribbon was originally sky-blue, but changed to dark red in 1838 after it was found that the hair oil favoured by Indian soldiers stained the ribbon. From September 1939 the first class ribbon had two thin light blue strips added towards the centre of the dark red ribbon, while the second class had one light blue stripe added to the centre of the ribbon.[2]

Pakistan awarded the Order to a small number of seconded British officers who rendered outstanding services at the time of independence.[6][5]

The following is an incomplete list of people appointed to the Order of British India:

Honorary Captain Muhammad Khan in the picture wearing OBI first class medal Portrait of honorary Subedar Major Bahadur MULTANI RAM with his medals(first class) and insignia. Honorary Lieutenant Pehlwan Khan OBI First Class Honorary Captain 'Sardar Bahadur' Rewat Singh Chandawat Gotan War. Highly decorated for World War 1 Honorary Captain Sardar Bahadur, Mihr Din, OBI (1st Class) Subedar Major Purshotam Dass at the gate to his house in village Thural, Kangra District
  1. ^ ORDER OF WEAR, Website of the UK government: Directgov, date accessed 4 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b c H. Taprell Dorling (1956). Ribbons and Medals. A. H. Baldwin & Son, London. p. 42.
  3. ^ a b c d "London Gazette, 26 Sept 1939, page 6511". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  4. ^ "London Gazette, 21 January 1944, page 434". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  5. ^ a b c John W. Mussell, ed. (2015). Medal Yearbook 2015. Token Publishing Limited, Honiton, Devon. p. 88.
  6. ^ Edward C Joslin. Observer Book of British Awards and Medals. p. 42. Published by Frederick Warne & Co, 1973.
  7. ^ Army Headquarters, India (6 February 2012). Indian Army List January 1919 — Volume 3. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781781502594.
  8. ^
  9. ^ Army Headquarters, India (4 August 2023). Leading Officials, Nobles, And Personages In The Native States Of Rajasthan. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781781502594.
  10. ^ "When Army runs in the DNA".
  11. ^ Field Marshal Lord Roberts, Forty-one Years in India 1897. Note, page 208.
  12. ^ Various (15 March 2007). Hyderabad State List of Leading Officials, Nobles and Personages. Potter Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4067-3137-8.
  13. ^ Singh, Raja Jeoraj. "SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, I JANUARY, 1941" (PDF). thegazette.co.uk.
  14. ^ Army Headquarters, India (3 February 2012). Indian Army List January 1919 — Volume 2. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781781502570.
  15. ^ Various (15 March 2007). Alwar State List of Leading Officials, Nobles and Personages. Potter Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4067-3137-8.
  16. ^ 33 Years record of unbroken service (1911–1944). Served in both world wars. Madras War Review journal. 21 January 1944.
  17. ^ "The London Gazette". 20 November 1936. p. 7495.
  18. ^ Condon, W.E.H. (1962). The Frontier Force Regiment. Gale & Polden. p. 574.
  19. ^ "File:Sardar Bahadur Tiku Singh Thapa, OBI, KPM, CM, 2nd in Command, Gurkha Military Police.jpg – Wikimedia Commons". commons.wikimedia.org. 14 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  20. ^ Thapa, Tiku (February 1937). "Sardar Bahadur" (PDF). Edinburgh Gazette. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  21. ^ iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.169153
  22. ^ The award of the OBI to him was gazetted in August 1897, as he was one of a special contingent that went to London to present a Guard of Honour to Queen Victoria, on the occasion of her Diamond Jubilee. Naval and Army Illustrated August 1897; also see Indian Army Lists, 1902, 1911
  23. ^ The National Archives, https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ WO-95-1187-1
  24. ^ Captain Bahadur Inayat Ullah Asmi, OBI served in two World Wars, as Subedar and Captain (King's Commission); he died in 1947 in Lahore.
  25. ^ Subedar-Major Bahadur Jagindar Singh, OBI "" O'Dwyer, Michael Francis (1918). War Speeches. Lahore, Punjab: Superintendent Government Printing. p. 129. his conspicuous gallantry in action on 17 November 1914 when with a party of Sappers under the command of a British Officer he was always to the fore and led his men with great determination into the enemy's trenches. Subedar-Major Jagindar Singh, Saini Sikh of Kheri Salabatpur in Bupar, gained the 2nd Class Order of Merit at the battle of Loos in Belgium for striking leadership and conspicuous bravery in action after most of his company and all but one British Officer in his regiment had been killed or wounded. This officer was also awarded the 2nd Class of the Order of British India for distinguished conduct in the field.
  26. ^ vide GGO No. 430 of 1898. OBI vide Gazette of India No. 872 of 1917.
  27. ^ "The Gazette of India, 1903, January-June". 6 October 1903 – via Internet Archive.
  28. ^ "India - Official Gazette". Foreign Law Guide. doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_097406. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  29. ^ Authority Of The Council (1917). Indian Army List For July I -1917. p. 752 of document and 1024 of pdf.
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See also
Order of Wear
British campaign medals
Degradation (knighthood)
Revocations

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