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Shipping company New Zealand to Great Britain, passenger and cargo
New Zealand Shipping Company Industry Transport Founded 1873 Defunct 1973 Successor P&O Headquarters London, England Products Passenger and Cargo Shipping Tongariro in 1883The New Zealand Shipping Company (NZSC) was a shipping company whose ships ran passenger and cargo services between Great Britain and New Zealand between 1873 and 1973.
A group of Christchurch businessmen[1] founded the company in 1873, similar groups formed in the other main centres, to counter the dominance of the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line. There were seven initial directors: John Coster, George Gould, John Thomas Peacock, William Reeves, Robert Heaton Rhodes, John Anderson, and Reginald Cobb[2]) representing the New Zealand Loan & Mercantile Agency.[3]
The similar groups of businessmen in Dunedin and Wellington soon joined this Christchurch company followed by the Auckland group. They completed the four-main-centre link in July 1873.[4][5] John Johnston Wellington, John Logan Campbell Auckland, and Evan Prosser of Dunedin were elected to the main board.[6] A Captain Ashby opened an office off New Broad Street London and chartered two ships carrying 500 government emigrants: Punjaub 883 tons and Adamant 815 tons set to sail for Canterbury on 31 May and 20 June respectively with full cargo.[7] By November 1873 they had purchased two vessels, Hindostan and Dilfillan and chartered eighteen. Two 1,000 ton ships were scheduled to be launched the same month and named Waikato and Waitangi.[6]
The company gradually established a fleet of vessels, using Māori names for each. From 1875 the livery consisted of black hulls, white superstructure and yellow funnels.[8]
In 1882, the company's ships were equipped with refrigeration.[8] and a frozen meat service began from New Zealand to England.
Company policy dictated a stop at Pitcairn Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, to break the monotony of the ocean crossing.
Federal Steam Navigation Company[edit] Former New Zealand Shipping Company Building in Napier, still displaying the NZSC logoIn 1894 Allan Hughes bought Money Wigram & Sons and renamed it King Steam Navigation, but changed the name to the Federal Steam Navigation Co Ltd (FSNC) in 1895.[9] Federal-Houlder-Shire Lines was established in 1904 by the merger of FSNC, Houlder Brothers and Company, and the Scottish Shire Line owned by Turnbull, Martin and Company.[10] On 3 January 1912 an agreement was reached whereby the New Zealand Shipping Company absorbed the Federal Steam Navigation Company, which at the time owned ten steamships trading between Australia, New Zealand and the UK. Ships owned in 1912 were Wiltshire,[12] Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Durham, Essex, Kent, Norfolk, Shropshire (Rotorua from 1923), Somerset, Suffolk, Surrey and Sussex.[13] Argyllshire was bought from Scottish Shire Line in 1930. Federal Steam ships retained their house flag, and continued to be named after English counties, thereby retaining their Federal Steam identity. Federal Steam was registered in England for tax purposes, whereas the New Zealand Shipping Company continued to be registered in New Zealand.
In World War I the NZSC lost nine ships from a fleet of 32. In World War II it lost 19 ships from a fleet of 36.[citation needed]
The services of both companies were absorbed into P&O in 1973 after 100 years of service.[15][8] P&O had bought NZSC in October 1916,[16] but left it largely independent.[17]
NZSC operated numerous ships, some purpose built, others acquired from other operators by purchase, lease or charter.
Ship Type Date launched Date acquired Date disposed Fate/ next assignment Aorangi refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1883 1914 Scrapped 1925 British King cargo and passenger ship 1881 chartered 1882[18] 1884 Scuttled at Port Arthur 1904 Coptic cargo and passenger steamship 1881 chartered 1883 1884 Scrapped 1926 Doric cargo and passenger steamship 1883 chartered 1883 1884 Wrecked 1911 Fenstanton steamship 1882 chartered 1883 1884 Grounded and wrecked Hurunui (1) cargo and passenger sailing ship 1875 1883 Collided and sank Waitara, 22 June 1883[19] Hurunui (2) refrigerated cargo steamship 1911 1918 Sunk by torpedo off The Lizard by U-94, 18 May 1918[20] Hurunui (3) refrigerated cargo steamship 1921 1940 Sunk by torpedo on 15 October 1940 by U-93[21] Ionic cargo and passenger ship 1883 chartered 1883 1884 Scrapped 1908 Kaikoura (1) cargo and passenger steamship 1884 1899 Sold to British India Steam Navigation Company Kaikoura (2)[22] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1903 1926 Sold Kaipara[22] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1903 1914 Stopped and sunk by SMS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, 16 August 1914[23] Mataura (1) barque 1868 1874 (former Dunfinnan) 1894 Sold and renamed Alida. Wrecked 1900[22] Mataura (2)[22] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1896 1898 Wrecked in the Strait of Magellan 12 January 1898[24] Opawa refrigerated cargo motor ship 1931 1942 Sunk by U-106, 6 February 1942[25] Orari refrigerated cargo motor ship 1931 1958 Sold to Italy and renamed Capo Bianco[26] Otaio refrigerated cargo motor ship 1930 1941 Sunk by U-558, 28 August 1941[27] Otaki (1) sailing ship 1875 1896 Sold and renamed Dr. Siegert Otaki (2) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1908 1917 Sunk by the German raider SMS Möwe 10 March 1917 Otaki (3) refrigerated cargo steamship 1919 1934 Sold to Clan Line and renamed Clan Robertson Otaki (4) refrigerated cargo motor ship 1953 1967 Transferred to Federal Steam Navigation Co Otorama[22] steamship 1890 former Sea King 1902 Sold Papanui[22] steamship 1898 1909 Sold Paparoa[22] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1899 17 March 1926 caught fire in the South Atlantic, scuttled by HMS Birmingham[28] Piako (1) clipper 1877 Sold, lost 1900[22] Piako (2) refrigerated cargo steamship 1920 1920 (former War Orestes) 1941 Sunk by torpedo on 18 May 1941 by U-107 Piako (3) refrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1961 1962 1979 Sold to Blue Ocean Compania Maritima SA. Scrapped 1984 Rakaia cargo and passenger motor ship 1944 1946 (former Empire Abercorn) 1971 Scrapped Rakanoa[citation needed] Rangitane (1) passenger motor ship 1929 1929 1940 Sunk by shellfire by the German raiders Orion and Komet, 26 November 1940[29] Rangitane (2) passenger motor ship 1949 1949 May 1968 Sold to CY Tung, Scrapped Taiwan, 1976 RMS Rangitata passenger motor ship 26 March 1929 1929 1962 Scrapped RMS Rangitiki passenger motor ship 1929 1929 1962 Scrapped Rangitoto passenger motor ship 1949 1949 1969 Sold to CY Tung, Scrapped Hong Kong, 1976 Remuera (1) passenger steamship 1911 1940 Sunk by aerial torpedo 26 August 1940 Remuera (2) steam cargo and passenger steamship 1947 1961 (former Parthia) 1964 Sold to Eastern & Australia Steamship Company.[30] Rimutaka (1)[22] steamship 1884 1900 Sold to British India Steam Navigation Company Rimutaka (2) refrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1901 1930 Scrapped Rimutaka (3) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1922 1938 (former Mongolia) 1950 Sold to Incres Shipping Company Rotorua (1) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1910 1917 Sunk by torpedo on 22 March 1917 by SM UC-17 Rotorua (2) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1910 1936 (former Shropshire) 1940 Sunk by torpedo on 11 December 1940 by U-96[31] Ruahine (1) steamship 1891 1900 Sold Ruahine (2) refrigerated cargo steamship 1909 1949 Sold to Italian owners; scrapped 1957 Ruahine (3) passenger motor ship 1951 1968 re-registered in Hong Kong; scrapped 1974 Ruapehu (10) efrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1901 1931 Sold for scrap 5 August 1931 Stad Haarlem cargo and passenger ship 1875 leased 1879 Tekoa[22] steamship 1890 1902 Sold Tongariro passenger and cargo steamship 1883 1883 1899 Sold to British India Steam Navigation Company Tongariro 1901 1916 Wrecked on Bull Rock, 30 August 1916[32] Tongariro 1925 1960 Scrapped Turakina (1)[22] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1902 1917 Sunk by torpedo in the Western Approaches by U-86, 13 August 1917[33] Turakina (2) steamship 1923 1923 1940 Sunk by shellfire in the Tasman Sea by the German raider Orion, 20 August 1940[34] Waikato[22] sailing ship 1874 1898 Sold Waimate[22] refrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1896 1925 Scrapped Waitara cargo and passenger sailing ship 1863 1873 (former Hindustan) 1883 Wrecked following a collision with Hurunui[19] Wakanui[22] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1899 1913 Sold Warrimoo passenger steamship 1892 1899 1901 Sold to Union Company Whakatane[22] refrigerated cargo steamship 1900 1924 SoldFor ships powered by both sail and steam, a flag with an additional pennant was used.
[35]Sometimes the company used a flag with black letters.
Another flag commonly used in the long history of the company, most often along with other flags. It was originally a flag of the Federal Steam Navigation Company.
[36]RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
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