The National Standards of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家标准; pinyin: Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó guójiā biāozhǔn),[1][2] coded as GB, are the standards issued by the Standardization Administration of China under the authorization of Article 10 of the Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China.[3][4]
According to Article 2 of the Standardization Law, national standards are divided into mandatory national standards and recommended national standards.[3] Mandatory national standards are prefixed "GB". Recommended national standards are prefixed "GB/T". Guidance technical documents are prefixed with "GB/Z", but are not legally part of the national standard system.[5]
Mandatory national standards are the basis for the product testing which products must undergo during the China Compulsory Certificate (CCC or 3C) certification. If there is no corresponding mandatory national standard, CCC is not required.
A Chinese standard code has three parts: the prefix, the sequential number, and the year number. For example, GB 2312-1980 refers to the national compulsory standard (GB), sequential number 2312, revision year 1980.[6]
Besides the national standard repository, China allows the registration of standards by industry/trade, by localities (DB, Dìfāng Biāozhǔn, "local standard"), by associations (T), or by an individual company (Q). The overall prefix number-year format is retained.[6]
Under the first clause of Article 5 of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, compulsory standards are not copyrightable as they fall under "other documents of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature". In 1999, the Supreme People's Court ruled that although compulsory standards do not enjoy copyright protections, publishing houses can be given exclusive, sui generis rights to publish a compulsory standard.[7]
The Standardization Administration operates a website for obtaining digital copies of the standards (excluding those dealing with food safety, environment protection, and civil engineering). The availability is broken down as follows (as of October 2023):[5]
Copies of standards (written in simplified Chinese) may be obtained from the SPC web store.[8]
A non-exhaustive list of National Standards of the People's Republic of China is listed as follows, accompanied with similar international standards of ISO, marked as identical (IDT), equivalent (EQV), or non-equivalent (NEQ).
Mandatory standards Number Equivalent to Title GB 2099.1‐2008 AC power mains plugs and sockets GB 1002‐2008 Safety Technical Code for Infants and Children Textile Products GB 2312-1980 Code of Chinese graphic character set for information interchange, primary set; see also GBK, a common extension of GB 2312 GB 3100-1993 EQV ISO 1000:1992 SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units GB 3101-1993 EQV ISO 31-0:1992 General principles concerning quantities, units and symbols GB 3259-1992 Transliterating rules of Chinese phonetic alphabet on titles for books and periodicals in Chinese GB 3304-1991 Names of nationalities of China in romanization with codes GB 5768-2009 Road traffic signs and markings GB 6513-1986 Character set for bibliographic information interchange on mathematical coding of characters GB 7714-1987 Descriptive rules for bibliographic references GB 8045-1987 Mongolian 7-bit and 8-bit coded graphic character sets for information processing interchange GB 12050-1989 Information processing – Uighur coded graphic character sets for information interchange GB 12052-1989 Korean character coded character sets for information interchange GB 12200.1-1990 Chinese information processing – Vocabulary – Part 1: Fundamental terms GB 13000-2010 IDT ISO/IEC 10646:2003 Information technology – Universal multiple-octet coded character set (UCS) GB 14887-2003 Road traffic signals GB 18030-2005 Information technology – Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange – Extension for the basic set GB 31701-2015 Safety Technical Code for Infants and Children Textile Products[9] GB 500011-2001[10] Civil engineering – Code for seismic design of buildings GB 50223-2008[11] Civil engineering – Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions Recommended standards Number Equivalent to Title GB/T 148-1997 NEQ ISO 216:1975 Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter – Trimmed sizes-A and B series GB/T 1988-1998 EQV ISO/IEC 646:1991 Information technology – 7-bit coded character set for information interchange GB/T 2311-2000 IDT ISO/IEC 2022:1994 Information technology – Character code structure and extension techniques GB/T 2260-2007 Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China GB/T 2261-1980 None but similar to ISO 5218 Codes for sexual distinction of human beings GB/T 2659-2000 EQV ISO 3166-1:1997 Codes for the representation of names of countries and regions GB/T 4880-1991 EQV ISO 639:1988 Codes for the representation of names of languages GB/T 4880.2-2000 EQV ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 2: Alpha-3 code GB/T 4881-1985 Code of Chinese languages GB/T 5795-2002 EQV ISO 2108:1992 China standard book numbering GB/T 7408-1994 EQV ISO 8601:1988 Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and times GB/T 7589-1987 Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – 2nd supplementary set GB/T 7590-1987 Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – 4th supplementary set GB/T 12200.2-1994 Chinese information processing – Vocabulary – Part 2: Chinese and Chinese character GB/T 12345-1990 Code of Chinese graphic character set for information interchange, supplementary set GB/T 12406-1996 IDT ISO 4217:1990 Codes for the representation of currencies and funds GB/T 13131-1991 Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – The 3rd supplementary set GB/T 13132-1991 Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – The 5th supplementary set GB/T 13134-1991 Yi coded character set for information interchange GB/T 15273 IDT ISO/IEC 8859 Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets GB/T 15834-2011 Use of punctuation marks GB/T 15835-1995 General rules for writing numerals in publications GB/T 16159-2012 Basic rules for Hanyu Pinyin Orthography GB/T 16831-1997 IDT ISO 6709:1983 Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations GB/T 17742-1999 China seismic intensity scale, or liedu GB/T 18487-2015 EQV IEC 61851 Conducting charging systems for electric vehicles:Changes are made frequently within the Chinese regulatory system as new standards are released and existing standards are updated.
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