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Musandam Peninsula - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Place

The Musandam Peninsula (Arabic: جَزِيْرَة مُسَنْدَم \ رَأْس مُسَنْدَم, romanized: Jazīrat Musandam / Raʾs Musandam), locally known as Ruus Al Jibal (Arabic: رُؤُوْس ٱلْجِبَال, romanized: Ruʾūs al-Jibāl Capes of the Mountains),[3] is a peninsula that forms the northeastern point of the Arabian Peninsula.

The peninsula lies to the south of the Strait of Hormuz, between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.[4] It is inhabited by the Shihuh tribe and is mainly governed by Oman as the Musandam Governorate with certain parts governed by the United Arab Emirates, including Ras Al Khaimah and parts of Dibba.[1][2]

Land features include the Western Hajar Mountains. Since these are the northernmost of the Hajar range, they and the peninsula are referred to as Ruʾūs al-Jibāl (Arabic: رُؤُوْس ٱلْجِبَال, romanized: Capes of the Mountains).[1][2] The largest wadi in Mussandam is Wadi Bih, which forms the central drainage basin.[5][6] The highest Mountain in Mussandam, and Ru'us al Jibal, is Jebel Harim.

During winter, the region can be fairly cool, particularly the mountains of Jais, Yanas and Mebrah.[7][8]

Fauna include the Ruus al Jibal fan-footed gecko,[9] Arabian tahr and caracal. It is unknown if the Arabian leopard is still present.[1][2]

Important Bird Areas[edit]

The mountainous northern end of the peninsula has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports significant populations of bird species, whether resident, breeding, wintering or on passage. These include pallid scops-owl, plain leaf-warbler, hooded, variable, Hume's and red-tailed wheatears, and pale rockfinch.[10]

The islands scattered around the tip of the peninsula are in a separate IBA because of their importance for seabirds, including red-billed tropicbird, Persian shearwater, Socotra cormorant and bridled tern.[11]

In the past, the region was an unstable region, and was repeatedly invaded by Persian empires such as the Achaemenid Empire and the Sassanian Empire. Then these empires declined until the Islamic era arrived.

In the modern era, the occupation of the region continued. In the beginning, the Portuguese invasion arrived, which destroyed the region after it was a global navigation center at that time. Then a new force appeared, the Ya'rubids state, and expelled the Portuguese invasion of the Gulf and occupied the peninsula region. Then came British colonialism. After the withdrawal of British colonialism, the UAE was formed, but Ras Al Khaimah did not join the UAE at that time. In 1972 AD, the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah joined the United Arab Emirates. Then the Emirati-Omani border has been officially settled.

Hills and

mountains on the Arabian Peninsula  Oman Hajar range[a] Central Hajar Eastern Hajar Western Hajar[d] Ru'us al-Jibal[e] Dhofar range  Saudi Arabia List of mountains in Saudi Arabia Sarat range[f] 'Asir range[h] Al-Bahah Jizan Najran Hijaz range[i] Midian range Shammar range Aja range Tuwayr range  United Arab Emirates Western Hajar[j] Ru'us al-Jibal[k] Shumayliyyah range[n] Outliers, outcrops or anticlines  Yemen Hadhramaut range Sarat range[p] Haraz range Note:

Mountains are sorted in alphabetical order, unless where it concerns ranges. The highest confirmed mountains in each country are indicated with 'HP', and those with the highest peak are indicated with 'HP', bearing in mind that in the UAE, the highest mountain and the mountain with the highest peak are different.

Outcrops

are indicated with 'OC', and

outliers

with 'OL', and

anticlines

with 'AC'.

Volcanoes

are indicated with 'V',

volcanic craters

with 'VC',

lava fields

with 'LF', and

volcanic fields

with 'VF'.

Other notes:

  1. ^ Shared with the UAE
  2. ^ Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar
  3. ^ Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar
  4. ^ Shared with the UAE
  5. ^ Shared with the UAE
  6. ^ Sensu lato, shared with Yemen
  7. ^ Shared with Yemen
  8. ^ Sensu lato
  9. ^ Sensu lato
  10. ^ Shared with Oman
  11. ^ Shared with Oman
  12. ^ Highest mountain in the UAE, but the peak is in Oman
  13. ^ Due to the peak of Jebel Jais being in Oman, this mountain has the highest confirmed peak in the UAE
  14. ^ Shared with Oman
  15. ^ Shared with Oman
  16. ^ Shared with Saudi Arabia
  17. ^ Highest confirmed peak in the Arabian Peninsula
  1. ^ a b c d Edmonds, J.-A.; Budd, K. J.; Al Midfa, A. & Gross, C. (2006). "Status of the Arabian Leopard in United Arab Emirates" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 33–39.
  2. ^ a b c d Spalton, J. A. & Al-Hikmani, H. M. (2006). "The Leopard in the Arabian Peninsula – Distribution and Subspecies Status" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 3–47.
  3. ^ Thomas, B. (March 1927). Travels in Oman. Visit of B. Thomas to the Musandam Peninsula. 1928. Notes on Shihuh dialects & people, also Kumzaris' [10r]. British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers. p. 9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  4. ^ Diba, B. A. (2011). Is Iran legally permitted to close Strait of Hormuz to countries that impose sanctions against Iran's oil?. Cupertino, California: Payvand Iranian-American Website.
  5. ^ Lancaster, Fidelity; Lancaster, William (2011). Honour is in Contentment: Life Before Oil in Ras Al-Khaimah (UAE) and Some Neighbouring Regions. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 3–598. ISBN 978-3-1102-2339-2.
  6. ^ Allen, Calvin H. Jr. (2016-02-05). "1: Land and People". Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate. Abingdon, New York: Routledge. pp. 1–8. ISBN 978-1-3172-9164-0.
  7. ^ Al Serkal, Mariam M. (2019-03-10). "UAE to see cold days ahead, temperatures drop to 2.6°C". Gulf News. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
  8. ^ Al Serkal, Mariam M. (2019-02-28). "UAE to get 5 days of rain and "significant drop in temperature"". Gulf News. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
  9. ^ Simó-Riudalbas, M.; Metallinou, M.; De Pous, P.; Els, J.; Jayasinghe, S.; Péntek-Zakar, E.; Wilms, Thomas; Al-Saadi, Saleh; Carranza, Salvador (2017-08-02), "Cryptic diversity in Ptyodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from the northern Hajar Mountains of Oman and the United Arab Emirates uncovered by an integrative taxonomic approach", PLOS ONE, 12 (8): e0180397, Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280397S, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180397, PMC 5540286, PMID 28767644, e0180397
  10. ^ "Musandam (mainland)". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
  11. ^ "Musandam islands". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-06.

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