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Lower house of the Mississippi Legislature
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Membership, qualifications, and apportionment[edit]Article 4, Section 36 of the Mississippi Constitution specifies that the state legislature must meet for 125 days every four years and 90 days in other years. The Mississippi House of Representatives has the authority to determine rules of its own proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and expel a member with a two-thirds vote of its membership.[1] Bills must undergo three readings in each house, unless two-thirds of the house dispenses with the rules.[1] They cannot be amended to a new purpose.[1] Amendments to bills must be approved by both houses.[1]
The governor has the power to veto legislation, but legislators can override the veto with a two-thirds decision.[1] From 1890 to 2020, State representatives were authorized under the Mississippi Constitution to elect the Governor of Mississippi if no candidate had received 62 of the 122 electoral votes (one per district) and more than 50% of the popular vote. This occurred only once, in 1999, when Ronnie Musgrove had the most votes statewide, but was one electoral vote and 2936 votes (0.38%) shy of a majority: Musgrove was elected on the first ballot.[2]
The permanent position of Speaker pro tempore was established in a House vote on January 9, 1987.[3] (It had been previously used in temporary situations if the Speaker was not available.)[4] The Speaker Pro Tempore acts as Speaker in the Speaker's absence.[5] The Speaker Pro Tempore also serves ex officio as the Chair of the House Management Committee and as a member of the House Rules Committee.[5] The current Speaker pro tempore is Republican Manly Barton.[6]
State representatives earn $23,500 per year.[7]
Current composition[edit]The following composition reflects the balance of power after the 2023 elections. Republicans secured a majority for the fourth time since 2011, the first year when Republicans won the majority of seats in the State House since 1870.[8][9] The 2023 elections were marked by new leadership, as the past speaker Phillip Gunn retired, allowing his chief lieutenant, then-Speaker Pro Tempore Jason White to become the new speaker.[9] The 2023 elections saw the seating of 25 new members.[9]
State representatives are elected every four years by the qualified electors of the district for which they are running.[10] Candidates are required to be at least 21 years of age and a resident of the state and district for which they are campaigning.[11]
Affiliation Party(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total Democratic Republican Independent Vacant End of previous legislature (2023) 40 76 3 119 3 Start of current legislature (2024) 41 79 2 122 0 Latest voting share 33.6% 64.8% 1.6%The House has elected a speaker 63 times since 1817:[12][a]
Name Party County/District Term Session 01 Thomas Barnes Claiborne October 6, 1817–
February 8, 1818
1st 02 Edward Turner Adams January 4, 1819–
February 1819
2nd Adams (Natchez) January 3, 1820–
February 12, 1820
3rd 03 Beverly R. Grayson Adams January 1, 1821–
February 12, 1821
4th 04 Cowles Mead Jefferson November 5, 1821–
June 30, 1822
5th 05 Gerard C. Brandon Wilkinson December 23, 1822–
January 21, 1823
6th 06 Cowles Mead Jefferson December 22, 1823–
January 23, 1824
7th January 3, 1825–
February 4, 1825
8th 07 Isaac R. Nicholson Copiah January 2, 1826–
January 31, 1826
9th January 1, 1827–
February 8, 1827
10th 08 Charles B. Green[13] Adams January 7, 1828–
February 16, 1828
11th 09 William L. Sharkey Warren January 5, 1829–
February 6, 1829
12th 10 Joseph Dunbar Jefferson January 4, 1830–
February 13, 1830
13th 11 M. F. Degrafenreid Wilkinson 1832–1833 12 David Pembel Adams 1833–1834 13 A. L. Bingaman Adams 1834–1836 14 John Irvin Carroll 1836–1837 15 William Vannerson Lawrence 1837–1838 16 J. W. King Rankin 1838–1840 17 Jesse Speight Democratic Lowndes 1840–1841 18 James A. Ventress Wilkinson 1841–1842 19 Robert W. Roberts Democratic Scott 1842–1844 20 J. L. Totten Democratic Marshall 1844–1846 21 James Whitfield Democratic Lowndes 1846–1848 22 John J. McRae Democratic Clarke 1848–1852 23 William S. Patton Lauderdale 1852–1854 24 Hiram Cassedy Franklin 1854–1856 25 William S. Barry Democratic Lowndes 1856–1858 26 James L. Autry Marshall 1858–1859 27 J. A. P. Campbell Attala 1859–1861 28 William A. Lake Warren 1861–1862 29 J. P. Scales Democratic Carroll 1862–1863 30 Lock E. Houston Monroe 1863–1865 31 Samuel J. Gholson Democratic Monroe 1865–1866 32 Freeman E. Franklin Republican Yazoo 1870 33 Henry Waterman Warren Republican Leake 1871–1872 34 John R. Lynch Republican Adams 1872–1873 35 Hugh M. Street Democratic Prentiss 1873–1874 36 Isaac D. Shadd Warren 1874–1876 37 Hugh M. Street Democratic Prentiss 1876–1878 38 William A. Percy Democratic Washington 1878–1880 39 Benjamin F. Johns Democratic Amite 1880–1882 40 W. H. H. Tison Democratic Lee 1882 41 William M. Inge Democratic Alcorn 1884–1886 42 Jacob H. Sharp Lowndes 1886–1888 43 Charles B. Mitchell Democratic Pontotoc 1888–1890 44 James S. Madison Democratic Noxubee 1890–1892 45 Hugh M. Street Democratic Lauderdale January 5, 1892–
January 2, 1894
1892–1896 46 J. K. Vardaman Democratic Leflore January 2, 1894–
February 10, 1894
47 James F. McCool Democratic Attala January 7, 1896–
February 11, 1898
1896–1900 48 A. J. Russell Democratic Lauderdale January 2, 1900–
March 5, 1902
1900–1904 49 Emmet Thomas Democratic Washington 1904–1908 50 Hugh M. Street Democratic Lauderdale 1908–1912 51 Hillrie M. Quin Democratic Hinds 1912–1916 52 Mike Conner Democratic Covington January 1916–
March 1918
1916–1920 1920–1924 53 Thomas L. Bailey Democratic 1924–1936 54 Horace Stansel Democratic Sunflower 1936–1936 55 Fielding L. Wright Democratic 1936–1940 56 Samuel Lumpkin Democratic Lee 1940–1944 57 Walter Sillers Jr. Democratic Bolivar 1944–1966 58 John R. Junkin Democratic Adams 1966–1976 59 Buddie Newman Democratic 1976–1988 60 Tim Ford Democratic 18 January 5, 1988–
December 20, 1991
1988–1992 1992–2004 61 William J. McCoy Democratic 3 January 6, 2004–
May 18, 2007
2004–2008 2008–2012 62 Philip Gunn Republican 56 January 3, 2012–
April 5, 2015
2012–2016 January 6, 2016–
March 29, 2019
2016–2020 January 2, 2020–
April 2, 2023
2020–2024 63 Jason White Republican 48 January 2, 2024–
Present
2024–2028 List of speakers pro tempore[edit]Source for session dates:[5]
Before the position was made permanent, Buddie Newman served as Speaker pro tempore in three different stints between 1974 and 1975.[14][15]
Name Party County/District Term Session 1st Cecil L. Simmons Democratic 37th[16][17] January 14, 1987[18][16]–
August 29, 1987
1984–1988 January 5, 1988–
December 20, 1991
1988–1992 2nd Robert G. Clark Jr.[19][20][21] Democratic 47th[22] January 7, 1992–
September 16, 1992
1992 January 5, 1993–
April 11, 1995
1993–1996 January 2, 1996–
July 22, 1999
1996–2000 January 4, 2000–
April 16, 2003
2000–2004 3rd J. P. Compretta[23][5] Republican 122nd January 6, 2004–
May 18, 2007
2004–2008 January 8, 2008–
2012
2008–2012 4th Greg Snowden[24][25] Republican 83rd January 3, 2012–
April 5, 2015
2012–2016 January 6, 2016–
March 19, 2019
2016–2020 5th Jason White[26] Republican 48th January 2, 2020–
April 2, 2023
2020–2024 6th Manly Barton Republican 109th[6] January 2, 2024–
Present
2024–2028 Past composition of the House of Representatives[edit]Articles related to Mississippi House of Representatives
Speakers of the
Mississippi House of Representatives32°18′14″N 90°10′55″W / 32.303889°N 90.182047°W / 32.303889; -90.182047
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