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Marin County, California - Wikipedia

County in California, United States

County in California, United States

Marin County

County of Marin

Images, from top down, left to right:

Marin County Civic Center

,

Point Reyes National Seashore

,

Stinson Beach

,

Mount Tamalpais

at sunset

Interactive map of Marin County

Location in the state of

California Coordinates: 38°02′N 122°44′W / 38.04°N 122.74°W / 38.04; -122.74 Country United States State California Area San Francisco Bay Incorporated February 18, 1850 Named after Chief Marin, "great chief of the tribe Licatiut" County seat San Rafael Largest city San Rafael (population) Novato (area)  • Type Council–Administrator  • President Mary Sackett  • Vice President Eric Lucan  • President Pro Tem Stephanie Moulton-Peters  • Board of Supervisors

Supervisors

[1]  • County Administrator Matthew H. Hymel

 • Total

828 sq mi (2,140 km2)  • Land 520 sq mi (1,300 km2)  • Water 308 sq mi (800 km2) Highest elevation [2] 2,574 ft (785 m)

 • Total

262,231  • Density 504/sq mi (195/km2)  • Total $35.698 billion (2022) Time zone UTC−8 (Pacific)  • Summer (DST) UTC−7 (PDT) Area codes 415 and 628, 707 (Tomales and Dillon Beach only) FIPS code 06-041 GNIS feature ID 277285 Congressional district 2nd Website www.co.marin.ca.us

Marin County ( mə-RIN) is a county located in the northwestern part of the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 262,231.[4] Its county seat and largest city is San Rafael.[5] Marin County is across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco, and is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Marin County's natural sites include the Muir Woods redwood forest, the Marin Headlands, Stinson Beach, the Point Reyes National Seashore, and Mount Tamalpais. Marin is one of the highest-income counties by per capita income and median household income. The county is governed by the Marin County Board of Supervisors.

The Marin County Civic Center was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and draws thousands of visitors a year to guided tours of its arch and atrium design. In 1994, a new county jail facility was embedded into the hillside nearby.[6]

The United States' oldest cross country running event, the Dipsea Race, takes place annually in Marin County, attracting thousands of athletes. Modern mountain biking has many early origins on the slopes of Mount Tamalpais in Marin.[7] San Quentin State Prison is located in the county.

Native American settlement[edit]

Thousands of years ago, Coast Miwok people first populated the area today known as Marin County.

In 1770, Coast Miwok population ranged from 1,500 to 2,000,[8][9] with about 600 village sites throughout the county.

In 1967, the Marin Museum of the American Indian was established, with exhibits focusing on Coast Miwok artifacts, crafts, and artwork.[10] As of 2021, Indigenous-led events include healing drumming, dogbane cordage demonstrations, trade feasts, and traditional dancing.[11]

During the Mexican-American war, areas of Marin County were seized by Americans as part of the conquest of California (1846–1847). Marin County is one of the original 27 counties of California, created February 18, 1850, following adoption of the California Constitution of 1849 and just months before the state was admitted to the Union.[12]

The Mission San Rafael Arcángel

According to General Mariano Vallejo, who headed an 1850 committee to name California's counties, the county was named for "Marin," great chief of the tribe Licatiut." Marin had been named "Huicmuse" until he was baptized as "Marino" at about age 20. Marin / Marino was born into the Huimen people, a Coast Miwok tribe of Native Americans who inhabited the San Rafael area. Vallejo believed that "Chief Marin" had waged several fierce battles against the Spanish. Marino definitely did reside at Mission Dolores (in modern San Francisco) much of the time from his 1801 baptism and marriage until 1817, frequently serving as a baptism witness and godfather; he may have escaped and been recaptured at some point during that time. Starting in 1817, he served as an alcalde (in effect, an overseer) at the San Rafael Mission, where he lived from 1817 off and on until his death. In 1821, Marino served as an expedition guide for the Spanish for a couple of years before escaping and hiding out for some months in the tiny Marin Islands (also named after him); his recapture resulted in a yearlong incarceration at the Presidio before his return to the Mission San Rafael area for about 15 years until his death in 1839.[13] In 2009, a plaque commemorating Chief Marin was placed in Mill Valley.

Another version of the origin of the county name is that the bay between San Pedro Point and San Quentin Point was named Bahía de Nuestra Señora del Rosario la Marinera in 1775, and that Marin is simply an abbreviation of this name.[14]

Francis Drake and the crew of the Golden Hind was thought to have landed on the Marin coast in 1579 claiming the land as Nova Albion. A bronze plaque inscribed with Drake's claim to the new lands, fitting the description in Drake's own account, was discovered in 1933. This so-called Drake's Plate of Brass was revealed as a hoax in 2003.[15]

Looking east along the Tennessee Valley Trail, part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area

In 1595, Sebastian Cermeno lost his ship, the San Agustin, while exploring the Marin Coast. The Spanish explorer Vizcaíno landed about twenty years after Drake in what is now called Drakes Bay. However the first Spanish settlement in Marin was not established until 1817 when Mission San Rafael Arcángel was founded partly in response to the Russian-built Fort Ross to the north in what is now Sonoma County.[citation needed] Mission San Rafael Arcángel was founded in what is now downtown San Rafael as the 20th Spanish mission in the colonial Mexican province of Alta California by four priests, Father Narciso Duran from Mission San Jose, Father Abella from Mission San Francisco de Asís, Father Gil y Taboada and Father Mariano Payeras, the President of the Missions, on December 14, 1817, four years before Mexico gained independence from Spain.[citation needed]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 828 square miles (2,140 km2), of which 520 square miles (1,300 km2) is land and 308 square miles (800 km2), comprising 37.2%, is water.[16] It is the fourth-smallest county in California by land area. According to the records at the County Assessor-Recorder's Office, as of June 2006, Marin had 91,065 acres (369 km2) of taxable land, consisting of 79,086 parcels with a total tax basis of $39.8 billion. These parcels are divided into the following classifications:

Parcel Type Tax ID Quantity Value Vacant 10 6,900 $508.17 million Single Family Residential 11 61,264 $30.13 billion Mobile Home 12 210 $7.62 million House Boat 13 379 $61.83 million Multi Family Residential 14 1,316 $3.97 billion Industrial Unimproved 40 113 $12.24 million Industrial Improved 41 562 $482.83 million Commercial Unimproved 50 431 $97.89 million Commercial Improved 51 7,911 $4.52 billion A view of the Golden Gate Bridge from the Marin Headlands Bicentennial Campground within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area surrounding the San Francisco Bay area

Geographically, the county forms a large, southward-facing peninsula, with the Pacific Ocean to the west, San Pablo Bay, and San Francisco Bay to the east, and – across the Golden Gate – the city of San Francisco to the south. Marin County's northern border is with Sonoma County.

Most of the county's population resides on the eastern side, with a string of communities running along U.S. Route 101 and the San Francisco Bay, from Sausalito to Tiburon to Corte Madera to San Rafael and Novato. The interior contains large areas of agricultural and open space; West Marin, through which State Route 1 runs alongside the California coast, contains many small unincorporated communities whose economies depend on agriculture and tourism. West Marin has beaches which are popular destinations for surfers and tourists year-round.

Notable features of the shoreline along the San Francisco Bay include the Sausalito shoreline, Richardson Bay, the Tiburon Peninsula, Ring Mountain, and Triangle Marsh at Corte Madera. Further north lies San Quentin State Prison along the San Rafael shoreline.

National protected areas[edit] State and local protected areas[edit]

The Marin County Department of Parks and Open Space manages numerous county parks and open spaces, including Stafford Lake County Park. The Marin Municipal Water District has 130 mi (209 km) of trails.

Marine protected areas[edit]

Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems:

Mount Tamalpais is the highest peak in the Marin Hills and can be seen here from Berkeley in Alameda County.

Marin County is considered in the California Floristic Province, a zone of extremely high biodiversity and endemism. There are numerous ecosystems present, including Coastal Strand, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and Coast Redwood Forests chaparral and riparian zones. There are also a considerable number of protected plant and animal species present: Fauna include the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) and California freshwater shrimp while flora include Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum; Tiburon Jewelflower, Streptanthus niger; and Tiburon Indian paintbrush, Castilleja neglecta.

Muir Woods National Monument, which is on the Pacific coast of southwestern Marin County

A number of watersheds exist in Marin County, including Walker Creek, Lagunitas Creek, Miller Creek, and Novato Creek.

Notably, the Lagunitas Creek Watershed is home to the largest remaining wild run of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Central California. These coho are part of the "Central California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit,[17] " or CCC ESU, and are listed as "endangered" at both the state and federal level.

Significant efforts to protect and restore these fish[18] have been underway in the Watershed since the 1980s. Fifty percent of historical salmon habitat is now behind dams. Strong efforts are also being made to protect and restore undammed, headwater reaches of this Watershed in the San Geronimo Valley, where upwards of 40% of the Lagunitas salmon spawn each year and where as much as 1/3 of the juvenile salmon (or fry) spend their entire freshwater lives. The "Salmon Protection and Watershed Network"[19] leads winter tours for the public to learn about and view these spawning salmon, and also leads year-round opportunities for the public to get involved in stream restoration, monitoring spawning and smolt outmigration, juvenile fish rescue and relocation in the summer, and advocacy and policy development. Around 490 different species of birds have been observed in Marin County.[20]

The Veench Vista - Marin County

Despite the lack of rain in the Marin County area due to historic drought levels,[21] in 2014, an estimated 20,000 juvenile Coho salmon made the migration from their spawning grounds in the Lagunitas Creek area to the Pacific Ocean. This increase in migration was significantly up from the previous historic record for the same migration measured in 2006 at 11,000.[22]

In 2010, all of the county's beaches were listed as the cleanest in the state.[23]

When Richard Henry Dana Jr. visited San Francisco Bay in 1835, he wrote about vast tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) herds near the Golden Gate on December 27: "...we came to anchor near the mouth of the bay, under a high and beautifully sloping hill, upon which herds of hundreds and hundreds of red deer [note: "red deer" is the European term for "elk"], and the stag, with his high branching antlers, were bounding about...," although it is not clear whether this was the Marin side or the San Francisco side.[24]

Historical population Census Pop. Note %± 1850 323 — 1860 3,334 932.2% 1870 6,903 107.0% 1880 11,324 64.0% 1890 13,072 15.4% 1900 15,702 20.1% 1910 25,114 59.9% 1920 27,342 8.9% 1930 41,648 52.3% 1940 52,907 27.0% 1950 85,619 61.8% 1960 146,820 71.5% 1970 206,038 40.3% 1980 222,568 8.0% 1990 230,096 3.4% 2000 247,289 7.5% 2010 252,409 2.1% 2020 262,231 3.9% 2024 (est.) 256,400 [25] −2.2% Marin County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[32] Pop 1990[33] Pop 2000[34] Pop 2010[30] Pop 2020[31] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020 White alone (NH) 199,675 194,665 194,254 183,830 173,149 89.71% 84.60% 78.55% 72.83% 66.01% Black or African American alone (NH) 5,375 7,529 6,946 6,621 6,120 2.41% 3.27% 2.81% 2.62% 2.33% Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 771 661 630 531 555 0.35% 0.29% 0.25% 0.21% 0.21% Asian alone (NH) 5,426 9,064 11,078 13,577 16,175 2.44% 3.94% 4.48% 5.38% 6.17% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [35] x [36] 330 436 457 0.13% 0.17% 0.13% 0.17% 0.17% Other race alone (NH) 2,117 247 718 1,034 2,040 3.80% 0.11% 0.29% 0.41% 0.78% Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [37] x [38] 5,982 7,311 14,415 x x 2.42% 2.90% 5.50% Hispanic or Latino (any race) 9,204 17,930 27,351 39,069 49,410 4.14% 7.79% 11.06% 15.48% 18.84% Total 222,568 230,096 247,289 252,409 262,321 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Population, race, and income Total population[39] 250,666   White[39] 200,333 79.9%   Black or African American[39] 7,481 3.0%   American Indian or Alaska Native[39] 793 0.3%   Asian[39] 13,992 5.6%   Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[39] 511 0.2%   Some other race[39] 19,228 7.7%   Two or more races[39] 8,328 3.3%  Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[40] 37,344 14.9% Per capita income[41] $54,605 Median household income[42] $89,605 Median family income[43] $113,826 Ethnic origins in Marin County Places by population, race, and income[edit] Places by population and race Place Type[44] Population[39] White[39] Other[39]
[note 1] Asian[39] Black or African
American[39] Native American[39]
[note 2] Hispanic or Latino
(of any race)[40] Alto CDP 741 96.8% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.5% Belvedere City 2,118 95.0% 3.4% 1.2% 0.4% 0.0% 7.6% Black Point-Green Point CDP 1,204 93.4% 5.8% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 7.8% Bolinas CDP 1,117 89.3% 1.7% 3.8% 5.2% 0.0% 4.7% Corte Madera Town 9,191 82.5% 3.7% 12.6% 1.2% 0.0% 3.7% Dillon Beach CDP 132 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Fairfax Town 7,410 91.7% 6.6% 0.9% 0.8% 0.0% 6.4% Inverness CDP 1,335 97.1% 1.1% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 3.7% Kentfield CDP 6,669 90.4% 3.7% 3.0% 1.2% 1.8% 5.5% Lagunitas-Forest Knolls CDP 2,307 73.0% 17.3% 2.0% 5.5% 2.2% 19.1% Larkspur City 11,870 88.6% 6.4% 3.1% 1.2% 0.7% 9.6% Lucas Valley-Marinwood CDP 5,909 85.8% 6.1% 6.2% 1.4% 0.4% 5.6% Marin City CDP 2,711 37.1% 13.4% 4.2% 45.0% 0.4% 14.8% Mill Valley City 13,810 87.8% 5.8% 5.2% 1.0% 0.1% 6.9% Muir Beach CDP 306 93.8% 0.0% 2.9% 3.3% 0.0% 0.0% Nicasio CDP 15 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Novato City 51,206 76.8% 13.5% 6.4% 2.8% 0.4% 16.9% Point Reyes Station CDP 853 61.9% 34.8% 0.0% 3.3% 0.0% 37.2% Ross Town 2,079 95.5% 2.6% 1.5% 0.0% 0.4% 4.7% San Anselmo Town 12,273 86.4% 7.0% 5.1% 1.3% 0.1% 6.6% San Geronimo CDP 383 93.5% 0.0% 1.3% 5.2% 0.0% 0.0% San Rafael City 57,374 72.1% 17.9% 6.3% 2.8% 0.9% 28.4% Santa Venetia CDP 4,799 85.3% 10.3% 3.8% 0.0% 0.6% 16.9% Sausalito City 7,047 93.4% 1.7% 4.8% 0.0% 0.1% 4.6% Sleepy Hollow CDP 2,277 93.6% 3.2% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0% Stinson Beach CDP 448 86.4% 6.7% 6.9% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% Strawberry CDP 5,765 75.1% 8.2% 11.3% 4.9% 0.5% 6.1% Tamalpais-Homestead Valley CDP 10,538 85.4% 5.0% 8.7% 0.8% 0.1% 3.9% Tiburon Town 8,895 91.5% 3.3% 4.4% 0.4% 0.3% 7.0% Tomales CDP 271 70.1% 18.5% 11.4% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% Woodacre CDP 1,470 92.7% 0.0% 4.2% 3.1% 0.0% 2.3% Places by population and income Place Type[44] Population[45] Per capita income[41] Median household income[42] Median family income[43] Alto CDP 741 $61,750 $78,426 $78,935 Belvedere City 2,118 $118,518 $160,455 $190,500 Black Point-Green Point CDP 1,204 $76,341 $126,429 $135,250 Bolinas CDP 1,117 $38,233 $62,083 $66,042 Corte Madera Town 9,191 $62,824 $106,541 $132,717 Dillon Beach CDP 132 $71,340 $153,490 $153,802 Fairfax Town 7,410 $49,486 $97,992 $125,795 Inverness CDP 1,335 $46,192 $63,261 $76,827 Kentfield CDP 6,669 $91,579 $154,265 $200,660 Lagunitas-Forest Knolls CDP 2,307 $33,631 $86,111 $88,250 Larkspur City 11,870 $64,646 $86,046 $118,836 Lucas Valley-Marinwood CDP 5,909 $61,644 $123,239 $158,047 Marin City CDP 2,711 $33,857 $46,250 $51,650 Mill Valley City 13,810 $77,315 $109,759 $167,561 Muir Beach CDP 306 $95,802 $166,389 $171,205 Nicasio CDP 15 $45,020 $53,750 $53,750 Novato City 51,206 $41,575 $78,628 $95,961 Point Reyes Station CDP 853 $49,520 $84,405 $84,583 Ross Town 2,079 $86,812 $145,250 $168,125 San Anselmo Town 12,273 $53,033 $96,639 $122,823 San Geronimo CDP 383 $57,226 $113,558 $145,393 San Rafael City 57,374 $42,499 $71,343 $90,146 Santa Venetia CDP 4,799 $35,544 $64,200 $77,804 Sausalito City 7,047 $84,618 $110,040 $153,807 Sleepy Hollow CDP 2,277 $81,611 $159,259 $165,441 Stinson Beach CDP 448 $62,105 $104,583 $137,321 Strawberry CDP 5,765 $61,937 $84,050 $130,750 Tamalpais-Homestead Valley CDP 10,538 $65,141 $116,146 $136,250 Tiburon Town 8,895 $97,434 $136,250 $185,909 Tomales CDP 271 $42,263 $101,667 $100,833 Woodacre CDP 1,470 $39,204 $72,266 $89,107

The 2010 United States census reported that Marin County had a population of 252,409. The racial makeup of Marin County was 201,963 (80.0%) White, 6,987 (2.8%) African American, 1,523 (0.6%) Native American, 13,761 (5.5%) Asian, 509 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 16,973 (6.7%) from other races, and 10,693 (4.2%) from two or more races. There were 39,069 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (15.5%).[46]

Population reported at 2010 United States Census The County Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) Marin County 252,409 201,963 6,987 1,523 13,761 509 16,973 10,693 39,069 Incorporated
cities and towns Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) Belvedere 2,068 1,940 3 0 58 7 18 42 72 Corte Madera 9,253 7,808 87 15 625 29 262 427 772 Fairfax 7,441 6,617 110 36 204 4 174 296 504 Larkspur 11,926 10,311 186 26 563 13 343 484 918 Mill Valley 13,903 12,341 118 23 755 14 152 500 622 Novato 51,904 39,443 1,419 286 3,428 117 4,693 2,518 11,046 Ross 2,415 2,265 6 2 45 3 19 75 94 San Anselmo 12,336 11,134 106 40 437 26 164 429 717 San Rafael 57,713 40,734 1,154 709 3,513 126 8,513 2,964 17,302 Sausalito 7,061 6,400 65 16 342 10 53 175 287 Tiburon 8,962 7,899 83 16 505 8 80 371 410 Census-designated
place Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) Alto 711 619 8 2 30 1 16 35 51 Black Point-Green Point 1,306 1,185 7 6 45 0 28 35 112 Bolinas 1,620 1,406 27 10 17 14 64 82 260 Dillon Beach 283 266 0 3 4 0 0 10 9 Inverness 1,304 1,212 15 8 16 2 19 32 79 Kentfield 6,485 5,908 35 10 224 7 95 206 299 Lagunitas-Forest Knolls 1,819 1,658 26 11 11 1 43 69 133 Lucas Valley-Marinwood 6,094 5,225 68 18 424 5 117 237 444 Marin City 2,666 1,037 1,017 15 287 21 120 169 365 Muir Beach 310 283 5 1 12 0 1 8 7 Nicasio 96 94 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 Point Reyes Station 848 725 7 3 10 0 73 30 155 San Geronimo 446 421 3 2 3 0 3 14 21 Santa Venetia 4,292 3,335 88 27 306 16 350 170 815 Sleepy Hollow 2,384 2,160 14 9 113 6 11 71 69 Stinson Beach 632 582 3 8 14 1 9 15 33 Strawberry 5,393 4,325 115 18 589 16 99 231 352 Tamalpais-Homestead Valley 10,735 9,449 91 24 592 28 121 430 499 Tomales 204 193 0 3 4 0 0 4 9 Woodacre 1,348 1,231 3 4 27 4 10 69 77 Other
unincorporated areas Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) All others not CDPs (combined) 18,451 13,757 2,116 172 558 30 1,323 495 2,529

As of the census[47] of 2000, there were 247,289 people, 100,650 households, and 60,691 families residing in the county. The population density was 476 inhabitants per square mile (184/km2). There were 104,990 housing units at an average density of 202 units per square mile (78 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 84.0% White, 2.9% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 4.5% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. 11.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2000, there were 100,650 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the county, 20.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

According to the most recent data on U.S. life expectancy, published in 2010 by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, a female in Marin County could expect to live 85.0 years, the longest for any county in the United States. The national average is 80.8 years for a female.[48]

Race and ethnicity[edit]

According to the 2010 United States Census, the racial composition of Marin County was as follows:

[49][better source needed]

According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey (ACS), 81.3% of Marin County's residents were born in the United States. Approximately 80.0% of the county's residents were born in one of the fifty states or born abroad to American parents.

Foreign-born individuals made up the remaining 18.7% of the population. Latin America was the most common birthplace of foreign-born residents; those born in Latin America made up the plurality (42.2%) of Marin County's foreign population. Individuals born in Europe were the second largest foreign-born group; they made up 25.3% of Marin County's foreign population. Immigrants from Asia made up 23.7% of the county's foreign population. Those born in other parts of North America and Africa made up 3.9% and 3.8% of the foreign-born populace respectively. Lastly, residents born in Oceania made up a mere 1.2% of Marin County's foreign population.

Source:[50]

According to the 2006–2008 ACS, English was the most commonly spoken language at home by residents over five years of age; those who spoke only English at home made up 77.1% of Marin County's residents. Speakers of non-English languages accounted for the remaining 22.9% of the population. Speakers of Spanish made up 11.7% of the county's residents, while speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 7.1% of the populace. Speakers of Asian languages and indigenous languages of the Pacific islands made up 3.4% of the population. The remaining 0.7% spoke other languages. Source:[50]

According to the 2007–2009 ACS, there were 16 ancestries in Marin County that made up over 0.9% of its population each.[50] The 16 ancestries are listed below:

Ross is the 4th most expensive zip code in the United States.[51]

The median income for a household in the county was $71,306 and the median income for a family was $88,934. As of 2007, these figures had risen to $83,732 and $104,750.[52]

In May 2010, the county had the lowest unemployment rate in California.[53] According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, however, in July 2010, Marin's unemployment rate rose to 8.3%.[54]

Government and infrastructure[edit]

San Quentin State Prison of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation is in the county. San Quentin houses the male death row and the execution chamber of California.[55]

The Marin County Sheriff's Office serves as the county's main law enforcement agency.[56]

The Central Marin Police Authority is responsible for law enforcement in Larkspur, Corte Madera, and San Anselmo.

The first formal fire department in what is now Marin County was The Tamalpais Forestry Association, formed around the turn of the 19th century.[57] The California State Legislature had been discussing legislation for forest-fire suppression as early as 1881, but the formal department did not come into being until approximately 1901. The Marin County Fire Department came into existence in its current incarnation on July 1, 1941, with passage of an ordinance and two resolutions by the Board of Supervisors.[58]

In the United States House of Representatives, Marin County is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.[59] From 2008 to 2012, Huffman represented Marin County in the California State Assembly.

In the California State Legislature, Marin County is in:

Voter registration statistics[edit] Population and registered voters Total population[39] 250,666   Registered voters[61][note 3] 154,250 61.5%     Democratic[61] 83,853 54.4%     Republican[61] 28,116 18.2%     Democratic–Republican spread[61] +55,737 +36.2%     American Independent[61] 3,303 2.1%     Green[61] 2,206 1.4%     Libertarian[61] 837 0.5%     Peace and Freedom[61] 254 0.2%     Americans Elect[61] 4 0.0%     Other[61] 426 0.3%     No party preference[61] 35,251 12.9% Cities by population and voter registration[edit] Cities by population and voter registration City Population[39] Registered voters[61]
[note 3] Democratic[61] Republican[61] D–R spread[61] Other[61] No party preference[61] Belvedere 2,118 72.0% 38.2% 34.1% +4.1% 6.6% 23.9% Corte Madera 9,191 65.6% 55.7% 16.9% +38.8% 6.3% 23.3% Fairfax 7,410 73.2% 64.4% 7.1% +57.3% 9.1% 21.1% Larkspur 11,870 69.8% 54.7% 18.4% +36.3% 5.6% 23.2% Mill Valley 13,810 71.1% 61.5% 12.3% +49.2% 5.3% 22.6% Novato 51,206 57.9% 49.6% 23.3% +26.3% 7.7% 22.3% Ross 2,079 80.3% 42.9% 30.1% +12.8% 5.8% 23.5% San Anselmo 12,273 69.8% 62.0% 11.6% +50.4% 7.4% 21.0% San Rafael 57,374 51.5% 55.1% 17.9% +37.2% 6.3% 22.7% Sausalito 7,047 75.3% 52.1% 15.8% +36.3% 6.7% 27.6% Tiburon 8,895 67.8% 46.0% 25.0% +21.0% 5.4% 25.7%

For most of the 20th century, Marin County was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. From 1880 until 1984, the only Democrats to win there were Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt and Lyndon Johnson. However, the brand of Republicanism prevailing in Marin County was historically a moderate one. Like most of the historically Republican suburbs of the Bay Area, it became friendlier to Democrats as the demographics of the area changed and the national party embraced social and religious conservatism. In 1984, it very narrowly voted for Walter Mondale and has supported the Democratic candidate in every presidential election since then. In the 2024 presidential election, Kamla Harris received 80.59% of the vote in Marin County, which was her highest vote share in any California county, and the only one higher than notably liberal San Francisco County.

Marin has voted for many gubernatorial candidates who went on to become high-profile national figures, including Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Jerry Brown, and Dianne Feinstein.

On November 4, 2008, the citizens of Marin County voted strongly against Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment which eliminated the right of same-sex couples to marry, by a 75.1 percent to 24.9 percent margin. The official tally was 103,341 against and 34,324 in favor.[63] Only San Francisco County voted against the measure by a wider margin (75.2% against).[64]

According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Marin County has 161,870 registered voters. Of those, 89,526 (55.31%) are registered Democrats, 23,380 (14.44%) are registered Republicans, 7,020 (4.35%) are registered with other political parties, and 41,908 (25.89%) have declined to state a political party.[65] Democrats hold wide voter-registration majorities in all political subdivisions in Marin County. Democrats' largest registration advantage in Marin is in the town of Fairfax, wherein there are only 344 Republicans (6.1%) out of 5,678 total voters compared to 3,758 Democrats (66.2%) and 1,276 voters who have declined to state a political party (22.5%).

The last time Marin elected a Republican to represent them in the United States House of Representatives was William S. Mailliard in 1972. The last competitive race for the U.S. House of Representatives in Marin was in 1982 when Barbara Boxer was first elected. The longest serving representative of Marin in congress was Clarence F. Lea who served in the House from 1917 to 1949.[citation needed]

Due to the dynamic nature of California's population, Marin's congressional district has changed numerous times over the decades. The county has been part of the 2nd congressional district of California since 2012; the only other time it was part of the 2nd district was 1902–12. It has also been part of the 1st (1894–1902 and 1912–66), 3rd (1864–94), 5th (1974–82), and the 6th (1972–74 and 1982–2012). The only time the county has not been in a single congressional district was between 1966 and 1972, when it was divided between the northern half in the 1st district and the southern half in the 6th district.[citation needed]

"Marin County hot-tubber"[edit]

In 2002, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush denounced convicted American Taliban associate John Walker Lindh as "some misguided Marin County hot-tubber," as a reference to the county's liberal, "hippie" political culture, mispronouncing "Marin" as he did so. Outraged by the label, some local residents wrote scathing letters to the Marin Independent Journal, complaining of Bush's remarks. In response, Bush wrote a letter to readers in the same newspaper, admitting regret and promising to not use the phrases Marin County and hot tub "in the same sentence again."[66]

CA Bicycle Network Route 6 along Muir Woods Road near Mill Valley Public transportation[edit] San Rafael Transit Center, a hub for Marin Transit and Golden Gate Transit buses and station for SMART

Golden Gate Transit provides service primarily along the U.S. 101 corridor, serving cities in Marin County, as well as San Francisco and Sonoma County. Service is also provided to Contra Costa County via the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. Ferries to San Francisco operate from Larkspur, Sausalito and Tiburon. Ferry service from Tiburon is provided by Golden Gate Ferry, Blue and Gold Fleet and by the Angel Island Ferry.

Local bus routes within Marin County are operated by Golden Gate Transit under contract with Marin Transit. Marin Transit also operates the West Marin Stage, serving communities in the western, rural areas of Marin County, the Muir Woods Shuttle, and 6 community shuttle routes.

The Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit system, which began service in August 2017, is a commuter rail service and bicycle-pedestrian pathway serving Sonoma and Marin counties. As of 2019[update] service operates from Sonoma County Airport to six stations in Marin ending near Larkspur Landing. Later phases of construction will extend service further north to Cloverdale in Sonoma County.

The Marin Airporter offers scheduled bus service to and from Marin County and the San Francisco Airport.

Greyhound Lines buses service San Rafael.[citation needed]

Marin County Airport or Gnoss Field (ICAO: KDVO) is a general aviation airport operated by the County Department of Public Works. The nearest airports with commercial flights are San Francisco International Airport and Oakland International Airport, as well as Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport, which is located north of Marin County.

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Marin County Free Library is the county library system. It is headquartered in San Rafael.[67] In addition, the Belvedere-Tiburon Library is in Tiburon.

College of Marin, established in 1926, includes two campuses. The Kentfield Campus is in Kentfield; the Indian Valley Campus is in Novato. The college offers more than 40 degree programs leading to an Associate of Arts or Associate of Science degree and over 20 Certificates of Achievement with various specialties. The college serves approximately 9,000 students each term. Approximately 5,700 students enroll in COM's credit program. About 1,300 students enroll in English as a Second Language classes. Approximately 1,900 enroll in community education classes. The college employs about 300 permanent staff and faculty and many part-time employees.

Marin is also home to Dominican University of California, in San Rafael. Founded as a women's college in 1890 by the Dominican Sisters of San Rafael, it became the first Catholic institution in California to offer bachelor's degrees to women. The college became fully coeducational in 1971, and in 2000 became an independent liberal-arts university, changing from its original name of Dominican College of San Rafael.[68] There are about 1,400 undergraduate and 500 graduate students.[69]

As of 2011, the largest private-sector employers in Marin County were:[70]

The 2013 gross value of all agricultural production in Marin County was about $84 million; of this, more than $63 million was from the sale of livestock and their products (milk, eggs, wool, etc.).[71] Only 175 acres were planted to grapes.[72]

As of the fourth quarter 2021, Marin County had a median home value of $1,090,583, an increase of 11% from the prior year.[73]

Marin County receives media from the rest of the Bay Area.

The county also has several media outlets that serve the local community:

Census-designated places[edit] Unincorporated communities[edit] Population ranking[edit]

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Marin County.[76]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census) 1 † San Rafael City 61,271 2 Novato City 53,225 3 Mill Valley City 14,231 4 Larkspur City 13,064 5 San Anselmo Town 12,830 6 Tamalpais-Homestead Valley CDP 11,492 7 Corte Madera Town 10,222 8 Tiburon Town 9,146 9 Fairfax Town 7,605 10 Sausalito City 7,269 11 Kentfield CDP 6,808 12 Lucas Valley-Marinwood CDP 6,259 13 Strawberry CDP 5,447 14 Santa Venetia CDP 4,292 15 Marin City CDP 2,993 16 Sleepy Hollow CDP 2,401 17 Ross Town 2,338 18 Belvedere City 2,126 19 Lagunitas-Forest Knolls CDP 1,924 20 Bolinas CDP 1,483 21 Black Point-Green Point CDP 1,431 22 Woodacre CDP 1,410 23 Inverness CDP 1,379 24 Point Reyes Station CDP 895 25 Alto CDP 732 26 Stinson Beach CDP 541 27 San Geronimo CDP 510 28 Muir Beach CDP 304 29 Dillon Beach CDP 246 30 Tomales CDP 187 31 Nicasio CDP 81 In popular culture[edit]
  1. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  4. ^ This total comprised 2,750 votes for Progressive Theodore Roosevelt (who was official Republican nominee in California), 733 votes for Socialist Eugene V. Debs and 68 votes for Prohibition Party nominee Eugene W. Chafin.
  1. ^ "Board of Supervisors". County of Marin. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  2. ^ "Mount Tamalpais". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
  3. ^ "Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Marin County, CA". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  4. ^ "Marin County, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  5. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. ^ AECOM. "Marin County Jail". Archived from the original on January 31, 2010. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  7. ^ Liberatore, Paul (August 15, 2013). "Mountain Bike Hall of Fame moving to Fairfax, birthplace of the sport". Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
  8. ^ Kroeber, 1925:883.
  9. ^ Cook, 1976:182.
  10. ^ "Museum of the American Indian". marinindian. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  11. ^ "Events | Museum of the American Indian". marinindian. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  12. ^ California's Legislature, "APPENDIX M, Origin and Meaning of the Names of the Counties of California With County Seats and Dates Counties Were Created," p. 302. Spring 2006 Archived December 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved March 26, 2007
  13. ^ Goerke, Betty. 2007. Chief Marin, Leader, Rebel, and Legend: A History of Marin County's Namesake and his People. Berkeley: Heyday Books. ISBN 978-1-59714-053-9
  14. ^ Gudde, Erwin G. (1949). California Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary, p. 204. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; Paperback edition (2004). ISBN 0-520-24217-3.
  15. ^ Chen, Allan, Drake's Plate: the end of the mystery?, Science Beat, Berkeley Lab, April 4, 2003
  16. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  17. ^ "Central California Coast Coho Salmon | NOAA Fisheries". February 26, 2021.
  18. ^ "Marin County Parks and Open Space: Our Work - San Geronimo Project". Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  19. ^ "Salmon | Turtle Island Restoration Network". Spawnusa.org. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
  20. ^ "Home | Marin Audubon Society". Marinaudubon.org. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
  21. ^ "Drought Information | Marin Municipal Water District - Official Website". Archived from the original on December 1, 2015. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  22. ^ "Drought helps coho salmon set migration record". sfgateorg. June 24, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  23. ^ Bay Area beaches grade well for safe swimming, May 27, 2010, by Carolyn Jones, San Francisco Chronicle
  24. ^ Richard Henry Dana Jr. (1840). Two Years Before the Mast. A Personal Narrative. New York: Harper and Brothers. p. 270. ISBN 9781441405401.
  25. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
  26. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790–2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  27. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  28. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  29. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  30. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Marin County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  31. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Marin County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  32. ^ "California: 1980, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Part 1 - Table 59: Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
  33. ^ "California: 1990, Part 1 - Table 5: Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
  34. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Marin County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  35. ^ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  36. ^ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  37. ^ not an option in the 1980 Census
  38. ^ not an option in the 1990 Census
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  40. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  41. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  42. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  43. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  44. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  45. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  46. ^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
  47. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  48. ^ "Life Expectancy, Obesity, and Physical Activity". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2010.
  49. ^ "Religion in Marin County, California". Bestplaces.net. March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
  50. ^ a b c "American FactFinder". Archived from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  51. ^ Morris, Chris (November 15, 2021). "These are America's 10 most expensive zip codes". Fortune. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  52. ^ "United States Census Bureau. 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates. Data Profile Highlights". Archived from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
  53. ^ Bernstein-Wax, Jessica (June 18, 2010). "Marin regains title of lowest jobless rate in state". Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
  54. ^ "Unemployment - Google Public Data Explorer". Google.com. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
  55. ^ "San Quentin State Prison." California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
  56. ^ ICE in Marin: sheriff defends cooperation with immigration authorities. Nikki Silverstein. Pacific Sun. March 12, 2024.
  57. ^ "History: 1891 through 1910". Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
  58. ^ "History: 1940 and Beyond". Marin County. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
  59. ^ "California's 2nd Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
  60. ^ "District 12 Details | California State Assembly". www.assembly.ca.gov. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  61. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 – Report of Registration Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  62. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  63. ^ "Elections Department - County of Marin". Marincounty.org. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
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  65. ^ "Report of Registration as of February 10, 2019 : Registration by County" (PDF). Elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
  66. ^ Campbell, Duncan (July 16, 2002). "From hot tub to hot water". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  67. ^ "Contact Us." Marin County Free Library. Retrieved on May 4, 2009.
  68. ^ "History of the University — Dominican University of California". Dominican.edu. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  69. ^ "US News Best Colleges". Archived from the original on May 24, 2017.
  70. ^ "Private-sector employers – Marin County". North Bay Business Journal. 2011.
  71. ^ Marin County Department of Agriculture. "Livestock & Agricultural Report" (PDF). Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  72. ^ Rebecca Gibb (July 3, 2013). "Madness in Marin County". Wine-searcher.com. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  73. ^ "County Median Home Price". National Association of Realtors. January 4, 2019. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
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  76. ^ "2020 U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 2, 2023.

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