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List of Indigenous rebellions in Mexico and Central America

Toggle the table of contents List of Indigenous rebellions in Mexico and Central America

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Conflicts between colonizers and Indigenous nations in Mexico and Central America

Depiction of the 1521 Fall of Tenochtitlan

Indigenous rebellions in Mexico and Central America were conflicts of resistance initiated by Indigenous peoples against European colonial empires and settler states that occurred in the territory of the continental Viceroyalty of New Spain and British Honduras, as well as their respective successor states. The latter include Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and parts of the Southern and Western United States.

Anti-colonial rebellions by the Indigenous peoples of Central America had precedence in resistance to the Aztec Empire prior to the Spanish conquest.[1] During the period of Spanish rule, forced labor,[2][3] the expansion of colonial territory,[4][5] and the forceful reduction of disparate communities into villages or missions where Christianity was enforced[6] were common causes of revolt. After independence, continued encroachment on Indigenous land rights was the primary cause of conflict.[7][8] Resistance has persisted into the 21st century, such as with the ongoing Zapatista uprising.[9]

  1. ^ Davies, Nigel (1973). The Aztecs: A History. University of Oklahoma Press.
  2. ^ Riley, Carroll L. Rio del Norte: People of the Upper Rio Grande from Earliest Times to the Pueblo Revolt Salt Lake City: U of UT Press, 1995, pp. 247–251
  3. ^ Wilcox, Michael V., "The Pueblo Revolt and the Mythology of conquest: an Indigenous archaeology of contact", University of California Press, 2009
  4. ^ Deeds, Susan (2003). Defiance and Deference in Mexico's Colonial North: Indians Under Spanish Rule in Nueva Vizcaya. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70551-4.
  5. ^ Schmal, John P. "The History of Zacatecas", Accessed Dec 24, 2010
  6. ^ Forbes, Jack D., "Apache, Navaho, and Spaniard", Oklahoma, 1960 pp. 112
  7. ^ Yaqui history: A Short History
  8. ^ Morelos: Monografía estatal: 1982. Secretaria de Educación Publica. pp. 152–158.
  9. ^ "Rebeliones indígenas en México". Arqueología Mexicana (in Spanish). 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
  10. ^ "Paco Ignacio Taibo II, documenta el brutal genocidio yaqui en nuestro país". Tukari. Archived from the original on 2018-04-27.
  11. ^ "Paco Ignacio Taibo II narra genocidio de yaquis en México". Vanguardia. 14 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2018-05-12.
  12. ^ Schmal, John P. "Sixteenth Century Indigenous Jalisco[permanent dead link]." Accessed Dec 23, 2010
  13. ^ Powell, Philip Wayne, Mexico's Miguel Caldera: The Taming of America's First Frontier, 1548-1597, University of Arizona Press, 1977, ISBN 0816505691
  14. ^ LatinoLA|Comunidad: The Indigenous People of Zacatecas Archived March 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ "Chiricahua History: The apache - mexican wars".
  16. ^ "Home".
  17. ^ Susan M. Deeds, quoted from Schmal, John P. "The History of Indigenous Durango." http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/durango.html, accessed 27 Jan 2011
  18. ^ Deeds, p. 25; Gradie, Charlotte M. The Tepehuan Revolt of 1616. Salt Lake City: U of UT Press, 2000, pp 160-161
  19. ^ Gradie, Charlotte M (2000). The Tepehuan Revolt of 1616. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
  20. ^ Clodfelter, Micheal (2008). Warfare and armed conflicts : a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1494-2007. Internet Archive. Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-7864-3319-3.
  21. ^ David Pike (November 2003). Roadside New Mexico (August 15, 2004 ed.). University of New Mexico Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-8263-3118-1.
  22. ^ The Pueblo Revolt of 1680:Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-Century New Mexico, By, Andrew L. Knaut, University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 1995
  23. ^ Asamblea Legislativa (1997). "Conmemoración del levantamiento de Pablo Presbere" (PDF). Actos y Debates Legislativos. 14.
  24. ^ Victoria Reifler Bricker. The Indian Christ, the Indian King: The Historical Substrate of Maya Myth and Ritual. Austin: University of Texas Press 1981, p. 63.
  25. ^ Kevin Gosner, Soldiers of the Virgin: An Ethohistorical Analysis of the Tzeltal Revolt of 1712. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 1992.
  26. ^ Ewing, Russell C. (October 1938). "The Pima Outbreak in November, 1751". New Mexico Historical Review. XIII (4): 337–46.
  27. ^ a b Roberto Mario Salmón (July 1988). "A Marginal Man: Luis of Saric and the Pima Revolt of 1751". The Americas. 45 (1). The Americas, Vol. 45, No. 1: 61–77. doi:10.2307/1007327. JSTOR 1007327. S2CID 147168058.
  28. ^ Contreras R., J. Daniel (1951). Una rebelión indígena en el partido de Totonicipán en 1820: el indio y la independencia. IMPRENTA UNIVERSITARIA.
  29. ^ "ATANASIO TZUL FUE UNO DE LOS LIDERES DEL LEVANTAMIENTO COLONIAL INDÍGENA DE TOTONICAPÁN EN 1820. | Conamigua". 2015-05-07. Archived from the original on 2015-05-07. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  30. ^ Smith, Ralph A. "The Comanches' Foreign War." Great Plains Journal. Vol. 24–25, 1985–1986, p. 21
  31. ^ Delay, Brian. "Independent Indians and the U.S. Mexican War." The American Historical Review, Vo. 112, No. 1 (Feb 2007), p. 35
  32. ^ Beebe, Rose Marie; Senkewicz, Robert M. (1996). "The End of the 1824 Chumash Revolt in Alta California: Father Vicente Sarría's Account". The Americas. 53 (2): 273–283. doi:10.2307/1007619. ISSN 0003-1615. JSTOR 1007619. S2CID 145143125.
  33. ^ Beebe, Rose; Senkewicz, Robert (2001). Lands of Promise and Despair: Chronicles of Early California, 1535-1846. Santa Clara: Santa Clara University. ISBN 1-890771-48-1.
  34. ^ Nichols, Christopher M. "Caste Wars." In Davíd Carrasco (ed).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures. Vol 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 9780195188431, 9780195108156
  35. ^ Nichols. "Caste Wars" 2001. ISBN 9780195188431, 9780195108156
  36. ^ Casares G. Cantón, Raúl; Duch Colell, Juan; Antochiw Kolpa, Michel; Zavala Vallado, Silvio; et al. (1998). Yucatán en el tiempo. Mérida, Yucatán. ISBN 970-9071-04-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  37. ^ Morelos: Monografía estatal: 1982. Secretaria de Educación Publica. pp. 152–158.
  38. ^ "Morelos: The Land of Zapata". Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  39. ^ Watkins, Thayer. "Emiliano Zapata". sjsu.edu. San José State University Department of Economics. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  40. ^ Russell (2011). The History of Mexico: From Pre-Conquest to Present. Routledge. pp. 338–41. ISBN 9781136968280.
  41. ^ "Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 19, 2016.

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