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List of commercially important fish species
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Aquatic animals that are harvested commercially in the greatest amounts
World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species group[1]
This is a list of aquatic animals that are harvested commercially in the greatest amounts, listed in order of tonnage per year (2012) by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Species listed here have an annual tonnage in excess of 160,000 tonnes.
This table includes mainly food fish species, but also listed are crustaceans (crabs and shrimps), cephalopods (squids and cuttlefishs), bivalves, and a reptile (softshell turtle).
Note that Oreochromis niloticus and Penaeus monodon appear twice, because substantial amounts are harvested from the wild as well as being extensively raised through aquaculture.
The 70 wild species shown in this table total 41,925,250 tonnes. Other wild species total 49,410,980 for a world total of 91,336,230 tonnes of wild, captured animals.[2]
The 31 cultivated species shown in this table total 45,252,999 tonnes. Other cultivated species total 21,380,254 tonnes for a world total of 66,633,253 tonnes of animals cultivated through aquaculture.[3]
Harvested aquatic animals by weight[edit] Common name(s) Binomial name Image Wild/
cultivated Harvest
in tonnes Notes Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Cultivated 6,068,014 China is the major producer of the grass carp, which grows quickly and requires fairly little dietary protein. Low-cost feed such as grain processing and vegetable oil extraction by-products, terrestrial grass, and aquatic weeds, allows the grass carp to be produced cheaply.[4]
This fish is mainly sold fresh, either in pieces or whole.
Peruvian anchoveta Engraulis ringens Wild 4,692,855 Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Cultivated 4,189,578 A variety of Asian carp, widely cultivated with other aquaculture carp, but under pressure in its home range (China and eastern Siberia). Also called "flying fish", it is an invasive species in many countries.[5] Common carp Cyprinus carpio Cultivated 3,791,913 Asari,
Japanese littleneck,
Manila clam,
Filipino Venus,
Japanese cockle,
Japanese carpet shell Venerupis philippinarum Cultivated 3,785,311 Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Wild 3,271,426 This species is often the main ingredient in the so-called crab sticks. Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Cultivated 3,197,330 Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei Cultivated 3,178,721 Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Cultivated 2,898,816 Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Wild 2,795,339 Catla Catla catla Cultivated 2,761,022 Crucian carp Carassius carassius Cultivated 2,451,845 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Cultivated 2,066,561 The wild Atlantic salmon fishery is commercially dead; after extensive habitat damage and overfishing, wild fish make up only 0.5% of the Atlantic salmon available in world fish markets. The rest are farmed, predominantly from aquaculture in Norway, Chile, Canada, the UK, Ireland, Faroe Islands, Russia and Tasmania in Australia. Atlantic herring Clupea harengus Wild 1,849,969 Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus Wild 1,581,314 Rohu Labeo rohita Cultivated 1,555,546 Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Wild 1,352,204 Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus Wild 1,296,383 Largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus Wild 1,235,373 Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua Wild 1,114,382 European pilchard Sardina pilchardus Wild 1,019,392 Capelin Mallotus villosus Wild 1,006,533 Jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas Wild 950,630 Milkfish Chanos chanos Cultivated 943,259 Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Wild 910,697 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Cultivated 855,982 Giant tiger prawn
Asian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Cultivated 855,055 Araucanian herring Clupea bentincki Wild 848,466 Chinese razor clam
Agemaki clam Sinonovacula constricta Cultivated 720,466 Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis Cultivated 714,392 Wuchang bream Megalobrama amblycephala Cultivated 705,821 Pacific oyster
Japanese oyster
Miyagi oyster Crassostrea gigas Cultivated 608,688 Louisiana crawfish
Red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii Cultivated 598,289 Akiami paste shrimp Acetes japonicus Wild 588,761 One of 14 species in the genus Acetes, this small, krill-like prawn is used to produce shrimp paste in South East Asia. Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus Wild 578,693 Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Wild 560,145 Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus Cultivated 495,074 European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Wild 489,297 Northern snakehead Channa argus Cultivated 480,854 Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Wild 474,047 Pacific saury Cololabis saira Wild 460,961 Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Wild 451,457 Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Wild 450,546 Chilean jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi Wild 447,060 Yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis Wild 437,613 Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Wild 430,917 Gazami crab Portunus trituberculatus Wild 429,959 Amur catfish
Japanese common catfish Silurus asotus Cultivated 413,350 European sprat Sprattus sprattus Wild 408,509 Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Wild 406,131 Mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala Cultivated 396,476 Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Cultivated 394,179 See also: Aquaculture of catfish Blood cockle Anadara granosa Cultivated 391,574 Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou Wild 378,794 Hilsa shad Tenualosa ilisha Wild 376,734 Daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus Wild 372,704 California pilchard Sardinops caeruleus Wild 364,386 Cape horse mackerel Trachurus capensis Wild 356,795 Pacific anchoveta Cetengraulis mysticetus Wild 352,945 Japanese flying squid Todarodes pacificus Wild 351,229 Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus Wild 340,622 Pollock Pollachius virens Wild 336,838 Chinese softshell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis Cultivated 335,535 This species is a significant part of China's aquaculture. According to the data obtained from 684 Chinese turtle farms, they sold over 91 million turtles of this species every year; considering that these farms represented less than half of the 1,499 registered turtle farms in China, the nationwide total could be over twice as high.[6] Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis Wild 328,927 Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta Wild 325,612 Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus Cultivated 321,006 Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis Wild 318,081 Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi Wild 318,067 Northern prawn Pandalus borealis Wild 315,511 Short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma Wild 312,930 Southern rough shrimp Trachysalambria curvirostris Wild 308,257 Southern African anchovy Engraulis capensis Wild 307,606 Pond loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cultivated 294,456 Iridescent shark Pangasius hypophthalmus Cultivated 285,089 Mandarin fish
Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi Cultivated 281,502 Nile perch Lates niloticus Wild 278,675 Round sardinella Sardinella aurita Wild 273,018 Japanese pilchard Sardinops melanostictus Wild 269,972 American sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus Wild 267,745 Bombay-duck Harpadon nehereus Wild 257,376 Yellowhead catfish
Korean bullhead Tachysurus fulvidraco Cultivated 256,650 Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson Wild 256,469 Albacore Thunnus alalunga Wild 256,082 Madeiran sardinella Sardinella maderensis Wild 251,342 Bonga shad Ethmalosa fimbriata Wild 249,422 Silver cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea Wild 241,122 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Wild 235,003 Longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol Wild 234,427 Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus Wild 224,404 Giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Wild 212,504 North Pacific hake Merluccius productus Wild 206,985 Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus Wild 205,807 Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus Wild 202,816 Pacific thread herring Opisthonema libertate Wild 201,993 One of five species in the genus Opisthonema Bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus Wild 200,617 Yellowstripe scad Selaroides leptolepis Wild 198,600 Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Wild 189,777 Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Wild 188,147 Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus Wild 180,119 Pacific sand lance
Pacific sandlance Ammodytes personatus Wild 175,892 Mostly manufactured into oil and meal, but also used as food in Japan.[7] Goldstripe sardinella Sardinella gibbosa Wild 161,839
- ^ World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021. 2021. doi:10.4060/cb4477en. ISBN 978-92-5-134332-6. S2CID 240163091. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
- ^ "Capture production by principal species in 2012" (PDF). Ftp.fao.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-18. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ "World aquaculture production of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc., by principal species in 2012" (PDF). Ftp.fao.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-18. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture". Fao.org. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ "Hypophthalmichthys molitrix". NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. US Geological Survey. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ Shi, Haitao; Parham, James F; Fan, Zhiyong; Hong, Meiling; Yin, Feng (2008-01-01), "Evidence for the massive scale of turtle farming in China", Oryx, vol. 42, Cambridge University Press, pp. 147–150, doi:10.1017/S0030605308000562 (inactive 17 May 2025)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2025 (link)
- ^ "Ammodytes personatus Girard, 1856, Pacific sandlance". Fishbase.org. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
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