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Kra–Dai language spoken in China
"Lakkja" redirects here and is not to be confused with
Lakka.
The Lakkia language (Chinese: 拉珈语; pinyin: Lājiāyǔ), also spelled Lakkja after its IPA transcription, is a Kra–Dai language spoken in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Laibin, East-Central Guangxi, China.
Lakkia speakers are thought to have migrated from further east, possibly from the Biao-speaking areas of Northwestern Guangdong Province (L.-Thongkum 1992). Today, they live mostly in the Dayaoshan (Chinese: 大瑶山; lit. 'Big Yao Mountain') region of Jinxiu County.
Lakkia people are also known as the Cháshān Yáo 茶山瑶, meaning "Tea Mountain Yao", since they were traditionally considered by neighboring peoples to be ethnic Yao people. The name Lakkia is an autonym (self-designated name) that means "mountain people". All Lakkia dialects have 5 tones.
There is currently no consensus on the classification of Lakkia within the Kra–Dai family. Solnit (1988) and Hansell (1988) classify Lakkia as a sister of the Kam–Sui branch. Additionally, Solnit (1988) classifies Biao and Lakkia together as part of a Biao–Lakkia branch that is coordinate to Kam-Sui. However, L.-Thongkum (1992) considers Lakkia to be most closely related to the Tai branch, based on the large number of shared lexical items.
Norquest (2021) proposes a Biao–Lakkja branch as the first branch to split off from Kra-Dai.[2]
Dialects of Lakkia include (L.-Thongkum 1992):
The Lingzu dialect still preserves /kl-/ initial clusters, which corresponds to /kj-/ in most other dialects (L.-Thongkum 1992). Additionally, Changdong 长洞 and Jintian 金田 tone /˥˩/ (51) corresponds to Jinxiu 金秀 tone /˨˧˩/ (231). Also, L.-Thongkum (1992) reports that Jintian 金田 is a less conservative dialect.
Classification of Lakkia dialects by Norquest (2021):[2]
Lakkia is spoken in the following locations.[3]
Lakkia is notable for preserving many prefixes that have been lost in most other Kra-Dai languages, including prefixes (such as *k.-) in archaic Chinese loanwords that are crucial for the reconstruction of Old Chinese.[4]
Lexical isoglosses[edit]Some Biao–Lakkja lexical isoglosses as proposed by Norquest (2021):[2]
Gloss Proto-Biao–Lakkja Proto-Kam-Sui Proto-Kra Proto-Hlai Proto-Be Proto-Tai ‘house’ *ljaːk *r̥aːn *qran *hrɯːn *raːn *rɤːn ‘road’ *tsaːŋ *qʰwən *qron *kuːn *ʃwən *r̥wɤn ‘heavy’ *N-tsak *C-dʑan *qχəl *kʰɯn *xən *n̥ak ‘leg’ *puk *p-qaː *C-qaː *kʰok *kok *f-qaː ‘neck’ *ʔən *ʔdənʔ *C-joː *hljoŋʔ *liəŋX *ɣoːRetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
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