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Kern County, California - Wikipedia

County in California, United States

County in California, United States

Kern County

Images, from top down, left to right:

Downtown Bakersfield

,

Cesar E. Chavez National Monument

,

Fort Tejon

barracks, an

F-35

landing at

Edwards Air Force Base

, the

Midway-Sunset Oil Field

Seal

Interactive map of Kern County

Location in the state of California

Coordinates: 35°20′N 118°43′W / 35.34°N 118.72°W / 35.34; -118.72 Country United States State California Incorporated April 2, 1866; 159 years ago (1866-04-02) Named after Kern River and Edward Kern County seat Bakersfield Largest city Bakersfield (population)
California City (area) Incorporated cities 11  • Type Council–Administration  • Body Board of Supervisors  • Chair Leticia Perez  • Vice Chair David Couch  • Board of Supervisors[1]

Supervisors

 • Chief Administrative Officer[2] Ryan J. Alsop

 • Total

8,163 sq mi (21,140 km2)  • Land 8,132 sq mi (21,060 km2)  • Water 31 sq mi (80 km2) Highest elevation [3] 8,755 ft (2,669 m) Lowest elevation [3] 206 ft (63 m)

 • Total

909,235

• Estimate

(2024)

922,529  • Density 110/sq mi (43/km2)  • Total $57.541 billion (2022) Time zone UTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)  • Summer (DST) UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time) Area code 661, 760 FIPS code 06-029 GNIS feature ID 2054176 Congressional districts 20th, 22nd, 23rd Website kerncounty.com

Kern County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 909,235.[4] Its county seat is Bakersfield.[6]

Kern County comprises the Bakersfield, California, metropolitan statistical area. The county spans the southern end of the Central Valley. Covering 8,161.42 square miles (21,138.0 km2), it ranges west to the southern slope of the Coast Ranges, and east beyond the southern slope of the eastern Sierra Nevada into the Mojave Desert, at the city of Ridgecrest. Its northernmost city is Delano, and its southern reach extends to just beyond Frazier Park, and the northern extremity of the parallel Antelope Valley.

The county's economy is heavily linked to agriculture and petroleum extraction. Also, a strong aviation, space, and military industry is present, such as Edwards Air Force Base, the China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station, and the Mojave Air and Space Port.

With a population that is 54.9% Hispanic as of 2020, Kern is California's third-most populous majority-Hispanic county and the sixth-largest nationwide.[7]

Native Americans lived in this region for hundreds of years:[citation needed] Chumash, tribes grouped together under the settler name Yokuts, and others.[8]

Spain claimed the area in 1769. Entering from Grapevine Canyon to the south in 1772, Commander Don Pedro Fages became the first European known to set foot in the area.

The Battle of San Emigdio took place in Kern County in March 1824. The Chumash Native Americans of Mission Santa Barbara rebelled against the Mexican government and its taking over mission property and ejecting the natives. The battle occurred in the canyon where San Emigdio Creek flows down San Emigdio Mountain and the Blue Ridge, south of Bakersfield near today's Highway 166. Mexican forces from Monterey were commanded by Carlos Carrillo and the conflict was a low-casualty encounter, with only four Native Americans being killed and no Mexicans. The surviving Native Americans were pacified and brought back to Santa Barbara in June 1824 after a pursuit and negotiation, in which many were allowed to keep their arms for the return march over the mountains.[9]

The Havilah Court Building was restored in the 1970s and now serves as a museum: Photo circa 2007.

In the beginning, what was to become Kern County was dominated by mining in the mountains and in the desert. In 1855, the California legislature attempted to form a county in the area by giving the southeastern territory of Tulare County on the west of the Sierra Nevada Mountains to Buena Vista County. it was never officially organized prior to 1859, though, when the enabling legislation expired. The south of Tulare County was later organized as Kern County in 1866, with additions from Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties. Its first county seat was the mining town of Havilah, in the mountains east of Bakersfield and north of Tehachapi.[10]

Settlers considered the flat land of the valley inhospitable and impassable at the time due to swamps, lakes, tule reeds, and diseases such as malaria. This changed when residents started draining land for farming and constructing canals, most dug by hired Chinese laborers. Within 10 years, the valley surpassed the mining areas as the economic power of the county, and as a result, the county seat was moved from Havilah to Bakersfield in 1874.[citation needed]

In 1899, the discovery well of the Kern River Oil Field was dug by hand,[11] and soon the towns of Oil City, Oil Center, and Oildale came into existence.[11]

The county derives its name from the Kern River, which was named for Edward Kern, cartographer for General John C. Frémont's 1845 expedition, which crossed Walker Pass. The Kern River was originally named Rio Bravo de San Felipe by Father Francisco Garcés when he explored the area in 1776.

Throughout recorded history, severe earthquakes have struck Kern County, including the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake.

On July 21, 1952, an earthquake occurred with the epicenter about 23 miles (37 km) south of Bakersfield. It measured 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale and killed 12 people. In addition to the deaths, it was responsible for hundreds of injuries and more than $60 million in property damage. The main shock was felt over much of California and as far away as Phoenix, Arizona, and Reno, Nevada. The earthquake occurred on the White Wolf Fault and was the strongest to occur in California since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Tehachapi suffered the greatest damage and loss of life from the earthquake, though its effects were widely felt throughout central and southern California. The event had a significant aftershock sequence that persisted into July and August, with the strongest coming on August 22, an M5.8 event with a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (severe) and resulted in two additional deaths and an additional $10 million in property damage. Repercussions of the sequence of earthquakes were still being felt in the heavily damaged downtown area of Bakersfield well into the 1990s, as city leaders attempted to improve safety of the surviving unreinforced masonry buildings.

Following the event, a field survey was conducted along the fault zone, with the goal of estimating the peak ground acceleration of the shock based on visually evaluating rock formations and other indicators. Ground disturbances that were created by the earthquakes were also surveyed, both in the valley and in the foothills, with both vertical and horizontal displacements present in the epicenter area. The motion records that were acquired from the event were significant, and a reconnaissance report was recognized for its coverage of the event, and its setting a standard for similar engineering or scientific papers.

Between 1983 and 1986, several ritual sex ring child-abuse cases occurred in Kern County, resulting in numerous long prison sentences, all of which were overturned—some of them decades later, because the prosecutors had coerced false testimonies from the purported child victims.[12] The details of these false accusations are covered extensively in the 2008 documentary Witch Hunt, narrated by Sean Penn.[13]

Map of Kern County

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 8,163 square miles (21,140 km2), of which 31 square miles (80 km2) (0.4%) is covered by water.[14] It is the third-largest county by area in California. The tallest peak in the county is Sawmill Mountain with an elevation of 8822 ft. Its area is nearly the size of the state of New Hampshire; it extends:

Particulate pollution in Kern County varies with the seasons.

Kern County suffers from severe air pollution. Particulates cause poor visibility, especially in the winter. Western Kern County lies in the San Joaquin Valley and the topography traps pollutants. Although the topography is not as unfavorable in eastern Kern County, it is a non-attainment area for particulates.[15] Air pollution caused by particulates is "in the unhealthy range an average of 40 days a year, according to the American Lung Association's 2018 State of the Air Report.[16]

Chaparral comprises a considerable portion of the natural area within Kern County; the species diversity within these chaparral habitats, however, is considerably less than in many other regions of California.[17] Whitethorn is a prominent example of chaparral species on the rocky slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the Inner Coastal Ranges.[18] California buckeye is a notable tree found in both chaparral and forests and whose southern range terminates in Kern County.[19]

National protected areas[edit] Historical population Census Pop. Note %± 1870 2,925 — 1880 5,601 91.5% 1890 9,808 75.1% 1900 16,480 68.0% 1910 37,715 128.9% 1920 54,843 45.4% 1930 82,570 50.6% 1940 135,124 63.6% 1950 228,309 69.0% 1960 291,984 27.9% 1970 329,162 12.7% 1980 403,089 22.5% 1990 543,477 34.8% 2000 661,645 21.7% 2010 839,631 26.9% 2020 909,235 8.3% 2024 (est.) 922,529 [20] 1.5%

According to the 2020 United States census, Kern County's population was 909,235.[4] It was the 11th-largest county by population in California.[26] The center of population of California is located in Kern County, in the town of Buttonwillow.[27]

Kern County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[28] Pop 1990[29] Pop 2000[30] Pop 2010[25] Pop 2020[31] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020 White alone (NH) 281,132 340,892 327,190 323,794 279,600 69.74% 62.72% 49.45% 38.56% 30.75% Black or African American alone (NH) 20,779 28,851 37,845 45,377 46,776 5.15% 5.31% 5.72% 5.40% 5.14% Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 6,008 5,620 5,885 5,893 5,197 1.49% 1.03% 0.89% 0.70% 0.57% Asian alone (NH) 7,723 14,879 21,177 33,100 44,257 1.92% 2.74% 3.20% 3.94% 4.87% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [32] x [33] 728 995 1,127 0.11% 0.12% 0.11% 0.12% 0.12% Other race alone (NH) 421 1,240 989 1,472 4,557 0.10% 0.23% 0.15% 0.18% 0.50% Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [34] x [35] 13,795 15,967 28,563 x x 2.08% 1.90% 3.14% Hispanic or Latino (any race) 87,026 151,995 254,036 413,033 499,158 21.59% 27.97% 38.39% 49.19% 54.90% Total 403,089 543,477 661,645 839,631 909,235 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

According to the 2020 United States census:[36]

(Total can be greater than 100% because Hispanics may be counted in any race.)

Population, race, and income Total population[37] 829,254   White[37] 572,420 69.0%   Black or African American[37] 47,008 5.7%   American Indian or Alaska Native[37] 9,132 1.1%   Asian[37] 33,179 4.0%   Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[37] 914 0.1%   Some other race[37] 136,534 16.5%   Two or more races[37] 30,067 3.6%  Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[38] 402,444 48.5% Per capita income[39] $20,167 Median household income[40] $48,021 Median family income[41] $52,041 Places by population, race, and income[edit] Places by population and race Place Type[42] Population[37] White[37] Other[37]
[note 1] Asian[37] Black or African
American[37] Native American[37]
[note 2] Hispanic or Latino
(of any race)[38] Arvin City 18,809 65.9% 32.0% 0.6% 0.4% 1.1% 91.0% Bakersfield City 339,761 62.9% 21.9% 5.9% 8.2% 1.1% 44.5% Bear Valley Springs CDP 5,273 90.5% 7.1% 1.8% 0.4% 0.1% 8.9% Bodfish CDP 1,982 91.2% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 7.2% 4.8% Boron CDP 2,323 84.1% 5.4% 0.0% 10.2% 0.3% 14.9% Buttonwillow CDP 1,449 76.3% 20.9% 0.1% 2.6% 0.0% 76.6% California City City 13,684 64.8% 15.9% 2.7% 16.4% 0.2% 24.4% Cherokee Strip CDP 316 86.4% 13.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 78.5% China Lake Acres CDP 1,423 82.4% 13.3% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 10.3% Delano City 52,342 62.8% 16.8% 13.4% 5.8% 1.2% 72.6% Derby Acres CDP 360 90.8% 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 5.0% Dustin Acres CDP 590 73.4% 26.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 26.9% Edmundson Acres CDP 306 43.8% 49.3% 0.0% 3.9% 2.9% 84.0% Edwards AFB CDP 2,373 68.2% 8.2% 6.1% 16.8% 0.7% 17.9% Fellows CDP 118 89.8% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 5.9% 4.2% Ford City CDP 4,013 70.9% 27.3% 0.5% 0.0% 1.3% 41.5% Frazier Park CDP 2,467 91.9% 7.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 13.5% Fuller Acres CDP 912 43.0% 53.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% 84.9% Golden Hills CDP 8,106 89.7% 8.4% 1.4% 0.3% 0.2% 18.4% Greenacres CDP 5,875 83.5% 14.4% 1.6% 0.3% 0.3% 20.9% Greenfield CDP 3,628 82.4% 16.2% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% 59.8% Inyokern CDP 1,321 81.1% 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 12.1% 8.6% Johannesburg CDP 179 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Keene CDP 340 89.7% 1.2% 0.0% 9.1% 0.0% 9.1% Kernville CDP 1,595 85.3% 6.1% 0.4% 2.4% 5.8% 10.2% Lake Isabella CDP 2,960 96.0% 2.3% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 18.8% Lake of the Woods CDP 814 78.9% 10.3% 5.8% 0.0% 5.0% 12.5% Lamont CDP 15,883 66.8% 30.9% 1.3% 0.2% 0.9% 94.9% Lebec CDP 1,676 80.0% 17.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% 30.9% Lost Hills CDP 2,075 97.1% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 98.5% McFarland City 12,530 82.1% 14.1% 0.8% 2.4% 0.6% 89.2% McKittrick CDP 113 90.3% 8.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 39.8% Maricopa City 1,280 85.1% 12.2% 1.1% 0.9% 0.8% 27.3% Mettler CDP 145 86.9% 13.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 94.5% Mexican Colony CDP 127 66.1% 33.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 92.1% Mojave CDP 3,987 57.3% 34.5% 0.7% 6.6% 0.8% 49.6% Mountain Mesa CDP 964 83.2% 13.5% 0.0% 3.3% 0.0% 4.7% North Edwards CDP 1,107 74.7% 5.4% 0.0% 19.0% 0.9% 11.3% Oildale CDP 32,253 86.1% 10.2% 0.6% 1.4% 1.7% 19.2% Onyx CDP 155 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Pine Mountain Club CDP 1,541 95.7% 2.4% 0.0% 1.0% 0.9% 15.0% Randsburg CDP 26 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Ridgecrest City 27,587 77.7% 11.2% 4.1% 5.6% 1.4% 14.6% Rosamond CDP 17,997 62.8% 22.6% 3.3% 9.7% 1.6% 37.8% Rosedale CDP 14,765 88.1% 7.5% 1.5% 1.3% 1.6% 21.8% Shafter City 16,709 76.7% 20.7% 0.1% 0.6% 1.9% 80.0% Smith Corner CDP 275 86.2% 13.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 85.8% South Taft CDP 2,279 85.7% 9.3% 0.5% 2.1% 2.4% 46.0% Squirrel Mountain Valley CDP 635 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.0% Stallion Springs CDP 3,244 90.7% 9.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.8% Taft City 9,413 86.7% 8.5% 2.3% 1.6% 0.9% 31.5% Taft Heights CDP 1,873 88.3% 5.2% 2.2% 0.7% 3.6% 5.1% Tehachapi City 14,332 82.4% 7.3% 0.7% 7.9% 1.6% 32.8% Tupman CDP 102 73.5% 20.6% 0.0% 0.0% 5.9% 11.8% Valley Acres CDP 651 99.2% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 23.5% Wasco City 25,457 77.1% 11.6% 1.4% 8.9% 1.0% 74.0% Weedpatch CDP 2,391 57.8% 35.5% 2.7% 0.4% 3.6% 90.8% Weldon CDP 2,383 82.6% 3.8% 0.0% 0.1% 13.5% 8.4% Wofford Heights CDP 2,284 96.9% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 2.1% Places by population and income Place Type[42] Population[43] Per capita income[39] Median household income[40] Median family income[41] Arvin City 18,809 $9,241 $29,740 $30,012 Bakersfield City 339,761 $23,141 $54,656 $60,665 Bear Valley Springs CDP 5,273 $39,533 $78,635 $103,561 Bodfish CDP 1,982 $18,752 $21,789 $28,576 Boron CDP 2,323 $19,582 $36,687 $43,636 Buttonwillow CDP 1,449 $10,629 $33,333 $30,431 California City City 13,684 $21,161 $53,768 $56,615 Cherokee Strip CDP 316 $7,612 $43,977 $28,750 China Lake Acres CDP 1,423 $27,002 $38,643 $61,889 Delano City 52,342 $10,957 $37,810 $39,098 Derby Acres CDP 360 $23,443 $49,000 $60,893 Dustin Acres CDP 590 $22,121 $46,786 $67,841 Edmundson Acres CDP 306 $13,075 $36,354 $37,396 Edwards AFB CDP 2,373 $26,411 $77,629 $65,568 Fellows CDP 118 $24,495 $61,500 $70,833 Ford City CDP 4,013 $13,491 $25,102 $33,214 Frazier Park CDP 2,467 $22,679 $55,997 $55,963 Fuller Acres CDP 912 $10,369 $33,438 $28,333 Golden Hills CDP 8,106 $27,070 $54,830 $57,130 Greenacres CDP 5,875 $28,706 $65,250 $62,375 Greenfield CDP 3,628 $24,126 $48,250 $64,375 Inyokern CDP 1,321 $29,212 $38,750 $69,259 Johannesburg CDP 179 $12,498 $31,146 $35,313 Keene CDP 340 $62,428 $106,000 $105,875 Kernville CDP 1,595 $37,788 $63,083 $72,571 Lake Isabella CDP 2,960 $16,624 $20,833 $38,462 Lake of the Woods CDP 814 $23,726 $53,750 $82,616 Lamont CDP 15,883 $10,332 $35,168 $35,741 Lebec CDP 1,676 $16,456 $61,020 $61,034 Lost Hills CDP 2,075 $8,664 $30,043 $25,980 McFarland City 12,530 $9,285 $35,615 $35,821 McKittrick CDP 113 $22,587 $57,708 $51,250 Maricopa City 1,280 $15,062 $34,167 $39,196 Mettler CDP 145 $11,373 $32,273 $12,143 Mexican Colony CDP 127 $15,861 $24,904 $65,132 Mojave CDP 3,987 $16,290 $30,547 $33,833 Mountain Mesa CDP 964 $16,310 $50,378 $51,541 North Edwards CDP 1,107 $20,928 $34,472 $34,231 Oildale CDP 32,253 $18,121 $34,760 $41,043 Onyx CDP 155 $23,312 $35,833 $33,646 Pine Mountain Club CDP 1,541 $31,530 $44,924 $52,279 Randsburg CDP 26 $12,162 $27,778 [44] Ridgecrest City 27,587 $28,181 $59,830 $65,321 Rosamond CDP 17,997 $20,558 $56,974 $61,144 Rosedale CDP 14,765 $40,803 $103,882 $109,823 Shafter City 16,709 $13,482 $38,591 $39,908 Smith Corner CDP 275 $13,076 $27,298 $27,298 South Taft CDP 2,279 $11,524 $39,375 $41,985 Squirrel Mountain Valley CDP 635 $39,920 $71,964 $104,973 Stallion Springs CDP 3,244 $31,564 $59,808 $63,147 Taft City 9,413 $16,198 $46,136 $51,686 Taft Heights CDP 1,873 $16,440 $37,465 $43,899 Tehachapi City 14,332 $15,571 $46,250 $55,742 Tupman CDP 102 $14,328 $43,125 $46,250 Valley Acres CDP 651 $21,635 $56,000 $82,212 Wasco City 25,457 $11,498 $40,295 $43,059 Weedpatch CDP 2,391 $8,620 $28,105 $29,082 Weldon CDP 2,383 $21,101 $37,891 $48,958 Wofford Heights CDP 2,284 $19,011 $29,821 $37,946

The 2010 United States census reported that Kern County had a population of 839,631. The racial makeup of Kern County was 499,766 (59.5%) White, 48,921 (5.8%) African American, 12,676 (1.5%) Native American, 34,846 (4.2%) Asian, 1,252 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 204,314 (24.3%) from other races, and 37,856 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 413,033 persons (49.2%); 43.4% of Kern County residents are of Mexican heritage, 1.0% Salvadoran, 0.5% Colombian, and 0.4% Guatemalan.[45]

According to the 2000 United States census[46] of 2000, 661,645 people, 208,652 households, and 156,489 families resided in the county. The population density was 81 people per square mile (31 people/km2). The 231,564 housing units had an average density of 28 units per square mile (11 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 61.6% White, 6.0% Black or African American, 3.4% Asian, 1.5% Native American, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 23.2% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. About 38.4% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race; 8.4% were of German, 7.2% American, and 5.7% Irish ancestry, according to the census, and 66.8% spoke English, 29.1% Spanish, and 1.0% Tagalog as their first language.

Of the 208,652 households, 42.2% had children under 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were not families. About 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.50.[47]

In the county, the age distribution was 31.9% under 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,446, and for a family was $39,403. Males had a median income of $38,097 versus $25,876 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,760. About 16.8% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.8% of those under 18 and 10.5% of those 65 or over.

Kern County is associated with the Bakersfield sound. The Buck Owens Crystal Palace is located in Bakersfield.[48]

Metropolitan statistical area[edit]

The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Kern County as the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan statistical area.[49] The United States Census Bureau ranked the Bakersfield, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 63rd most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 68th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[50][51]

Government, policing, and politics[edit]

Kern County is a California Constitution-defined general-law county and is governed by an elected board of supervisors. The board consists of five members, elected by districts, who serve four-year, staggered terms. The county government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, some law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition, the county serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.

Logo of the Kern County Fire Department

The Kern County Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency response services for the unincorporated areas of the county, as well as the cities of Arvin, Delano, Maricopa, McFarland, Ridgecrest, Shafter, Taft, Tehachapi and Wasco.[52]

Bakersfield has its own fire department, the Bakersfield Fire Department.

The Kern County Sheriff provides court protection, jail administration, and coroner services for the entire county of around 900,000 in population. It provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county and by contract to certain municipalities. The main sheriff's office and station is at Bakersfield, with 15 sheriff substations for the widespread county.

Municipal police departments in the county are Bakersfield, population 384,000; Delano, 54,000; Ridgecrest, 29,000; Wasco, 28,000; Arvin, 21,000; Shafter, 20,000; McFarland, 15,000; California City, 14,671; Tehachapi, 13,000; Taft, 9,327; and Maricopa (sheriff contract city), 1,200.

Politics and voter registration[edit] Population and registered voters Total population[37] 909,235   Registered voters[53][note 3] 426,481 46.9%     Democratic[53] 148,701 34.9%     Republican[53] 154,612 36.3%     Democratic–Republican spread[53] -5,911 -1.4%     American Independent[53] 18,938 3.3%     Green[53] 1,343 0.2%     Libertarian[53] 5,510 0.6%     Peace and Freedom[53] 3,073 0.3%     Americans Elect[53] 12 0.0%     Other[53] 6,947 0.1%     No party preference[53] 87,357 18.8% Cities by population and voter registration[edit] Cities by population and voter registration City Population[37] Registered voters[53]
[note 3] Democratic[53] Republican[53] D–R spread[53] Other[53] No party preference[53] Arvin 19,495 30.1% 55.6% 13.2% +42.4% 6.8% 24.4% Bakersfield 403,455 50.9% 36.6% 34.5% +2.1% 8.0% 20.9% California City 14,973 44.1% 35.9% 32.2% +3.7% 10.4% 21.5% Delano 51,428 32.7% 53.6% 16.6% +37.0% 7.0% 22.8% Maricopa 1,100 44.5% 13.7% 62.2% -48.5% 10.4% 13.7% McFarland 14,161 28.0% 52.3% 17.7% +36.6% 6.2% 23.8% Ridgecrest 27,959 56.7% 23.6% 45.1% -21.5% 10.3% 21.0% Shafter 19,953 44.8% 40.7% 31.2% +9.5% 6.9% 21.2% Taft 8,546 39.4% 14.9% 58.4% -43.5% 9.6% 17.1% Tehachapi 12,939 38.9% 22.4% 46.4% -24.0% 10.4% 20.8% Wasco 25,457 30.4% 45.3% 23.5% +21.8% 7.6% 23.6%

Kern is a strongly Republican county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democratic candidate for president to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964. The county is also a Republican stronghold at the state level, with Jerry Brown being the last Democrat to win the county in a gubernatorial election in 1978. Kern remains the only county in Southern California that consistently votes Republican in recent elections. While Republican margins in the county had been shrinking, with Donald Trump's 10.2% margin of victory in 2020 being the smallest since Gerald Ford's 6.7% majority in 1976, Trump regained his margins in 2024 and even surpassed previous performances, with his 21% margin being the best since George Bush in 2004. Some constituencies in Kern County in particular some of the most widely contested in California, and the United States as of the early 2020s,[54][55] with the 2022 race for the 22nd US House district being close, and the 26th Senate District having one of the tightest margins in electoral history, with incumbent Democrat Melissa Hurtado retaining her seat by 13 votes.[56]

Democratic strength is concentrated in the small agricultural towns in the San Joaquin Valley portion of the county, such as Arvin, Delano, McFarland, Shafter, and Wasco. Unincorporated communities close to agricultural areas, such as Lamont and Lost Hills, are Democratic strongholds. The eastern and southern parts of Bakersfield, along with unincorporated East Bakersfield, have also become reliably Democratic. Republican strength is found in the foothill, mountain, and high desert communities of the county. The cities of Maricopa, Ridgecrest, Taft, and Tehachapi are Republican strongholds. Along with the northern parts of Bakersfield, the wealthy unincorporated area of Rosedale and working-class Oildale are also seen as being strongly Republican. Cities including California City and the western areas of Bakersfield are seen as competitive in most elections. Bakersfield as a whole is seen as being competitive with a Republican lean. The rest of the unincorporated areas of Kern County is seen as strongly Republican.

In the United States House of Representatives, Kern County is split between California's 20th congressional district, represented by Republican Vince Fong, California's 22nd congressional district, represented by Republican David Valadao, and California's 23rd congressional district, represented by Republican Jay Obernolte.

In the State Assembly, Kern County is split between the following four Assembly districts:

In the State Senate, Kern County is split between the 14th senatorial district, represented by Democrat Anna Caballero, and the 16th senatorial district, represented by Democrat Melissa Hurtado.[59]

On November 4, 2008, Kern County voted 75.29% in favor of Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.[60]

Kern County is governed by a five-member Board of Supervisors. Jeff Flores of District 3 currently serves as chairman. As of August 2, 2024, they are:[61]

Crime and public safety[edit]

Fire protection within the county is provided by the Kern County Fire Department. Law enforcement within the county is provided by the Kern County Sheriff's Department.

The Kern County Fire Department (KCFD) is an agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the county of Kern, California, USA. Over 625 permanent employees and 100 extra help employees protect an area which spans over 8,000 square miles (21,000 km2). KCFD provides fire protection services for over 500,000 citizens living in the unincorporated areas of Kern County and the cities of Arvin, Delano, Maricopa, McFarland, Ridgecrest, Shafter, Taft, Tehachapi and Wasco. This agency is contracted to provide dispatch services for the California City Fire Department. Over 546 uniformed firefighters are stationed in 46 fire stations throughout the county.

The Kern County Sheriff's Department is the agency responsible for law enforcement within the county of Kern. The department provides law enforcement within the county, maintains the jails used by both the county and municipal cities, and provides search and rescue. The department contains over 1,200 sworn deputies and civilian employees. Its jurisdiction contains all of the unincorporated areas of Kern County, approximately 8,000 square miles (21,000 km2). The department headquarters is located at 1350 Norris Road in Bakersfield. There are 15 additional substations located throughout the county. The metro patrol area is divided into four regions: north, south, east, and west.

In 2009, the district attorney claimed "the highest per capita prison commitment rate of any major California county." Kern County contains multiple state and federal prisons, including two private prisons. The county is among the most prolific with the death penalty, assigning death penalty sentences in 26 cases since 1976. In 2015 Kern County policemen from all departments killed more people per capita than any other American county. Because of the very harsh local criminal justice system, Kern County has been dubbed "the most punitive authoritarian jurisdiction on the west coast" and "Oklahoma of the west".[62] In 2015, it was revealed that the Kern County Sheriff's office engaged in a longstanding program of attempted cash payoffs to women who had accused deputies of sexual assault. In the same year, a civil lawsuit filed by a survivor of a sexual assault committed by Kern County Sheriff's deputy Gabriel Lopez was settled for $1 million.[63]

Kern County had the most deaths per capita in the US by police shooting per an article published in The Guardian on December 1, 2015.[64] In 2015 to the date of publication of the article, there have been 13 deaths by police shootings in a county of less than 875,000 population, or 0.016 per thousand persons. By comparison, during the same period of time in New York City, a population 10 times the size with a police force more than 20 times the size, there were 9 such deaths.[65]

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Population and crime rates Population[37] 829,254 Violent crime[66] 4,892 5.90   Homicide[66] 75 0.09   Forcible rape[66] 205 0.25   Robbery[66] 1,331 1.61   Aggravated assault[66] 3,281 3.96 Property crime[66] 20,147 24.30   Burglary[66] 9,413 11.35   Larceny-theft[66][67] 17,034 20.54   Motor vehicle theft[66] 4,998 6.03 Arson[66] 593 0.72 Cities by population and crime rates[edit] Cities by population and crime rates City Population[68] Violent crimes[68] Violent crime rate
per 1,000 persons Property crimes[68] Property crime rate
per 1,000 persons Arvin 19,761 165 8.35 671 33.96 Bakersfield 355,696 1,929 5.42 17,754 49.91 Bear Valley 5,282 1 0.19 92 17.42 California City 14,460 90 6.22 517 35.75 Delano 54,318 274 5.04 1,437 26.46 McFarland 13,010 57 4.38 218 16.76 Ridgecrest 28,273 108 3.82 602 21.29 Shafter 17,391 49 2.82 576 33.12 Stallion Springs 2,540 6 2.36 9 3.54 Taft 9,552 54 5.65 365 38.21 Tehachapi 14,766 59 4.00 472 31.97

The county has a large agricultural base and is a significant producer of oil, natural gas, hydro-electric power, Biomass, solar power, and wind power. Kern is noted for minerals, including gold, borate, and kernite. The largest open pit mine in California, which mines borax, is at Boron.[69] As of October 1, 2016, Kern County contains nearly 25% of California's in-state renewable energy production, including 1,785 MW of solar power and 3,310 MW of wind power.[70] Kern County is home to the Tehachapi Energy Storage Project, which was commissioned in 2014.[71]

Aerospace and military[edit]

Department of Defense facilities include Edwards Air Force Base and China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station. As home to Edwards Air Force Base the Air Force's main flight test facility, Kern has been the site of many milestones, including the first supersonic flight and the first landing of the Space Shuttle. The base has brought prosperity to the railroad towns of Mojave and Rosamond.[72] Kern County is also the home of the first inland spaceport in the United States, the Mojave Spaceport.[73]

This has long been one of the county's biggest industries.[74] Between 2012 and 2013 the produced value of ag products increased 6%, to a total of $6.8 billion.[74] Grape is 31%, almond is 17%, milk is 13%, citrus is 11%, cattle + calves and pistachio are both 7%, carrots are only 6% (but that's 80% of carrots for the entire United States), hay is 4%, and cotton and potatoes are both 2%, of that.[74] This is one of the highest-producing locations in the United States for vegetables, and also for watermelons.[75] Vegetables are estimated to total $320 million every year.[75] There are about 1,938 farms, at an average size of 1,202 acres (486 ha) (however 41% are smaller than 50 acres (20 ha)), being the primary employment of 63% of operators.[74]

Major producer of almonds[76] with production greater than 100 million pounds (45,000 t; 50,000 short tons) annually.[74] That is third of all the counties, 16% of the state's production.[74] (See also almond in California.)

Pistachio is another important employer here.[77] The Michailides & Avenot group finds severe boscalid resistance in isolates of Alternaria alternata pathogenic on pistachio here.[77] They find extensive such resistance in a swathe from the center down into the central southern part of the state, but especially here.[77] (See also Pistachio in California and boscalid in California.)

The Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) is a major insect pest in this county, including in this county's citrus groves.[78] (See also Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter in California.)

As of 2015[update], Kern is California's top oil-producing county, with 78% of the state's 56,653 active oil wells and 71% of oil production.[79][80] The county produced 144.5 million barrels of oil in 2015, accounting for about 4% of overall U.S. oil production.[79][81]

Discovery and development[edit]

Oil development began with the 1894 discovery of the Midway-Sunset Oil Field, now the third-largest in the United States, in the southwestern portion of Kern County near Maricopa. The 1899 discovery along the Kern River was a breakthrough in oil production.[11] Oil was refined here even before the establishment of the county.[11] The Buena Vista Petroleum Company was organized and incorporated in 1864.[11] Soon thereafter a refinery was built that operated until April 1867 when work ceased because of high freight charges.[11]

The 1910 Lakeview Gusher was the largest recorded oil strike in U.S. history. The well spewed approximately nine million barrels for 18 months before workers finally were able to cap it.[82]

Other big oil fields in southwestern Kern County discovered early in the 20th century include the Buena Vista, the South Belridge and the Cymric fields. The latter is the fastest-growing field in California in terms of barrels produced per year.[83] Later large fields include the Kern River Oil Field, the fifth-largest in the U.S., the adjacent Kern Front Oil Field, the Mount Poso Oil Field in the lower foothills of the Sierra north-northeast of Bakersfield and the Fruitvale Oil Field, which underlies much of the city of Bakersfield, along and north of the Kern River.[84][85]

On July 22, 2009, Occidental Petroleum announced it had discovered the equivalent of 150 million to 250 million barrels of oil in Kern County, which the company called the largest oil discovery in California in 35 years. The find added about 10 percent to California's known reserves. Occidental's Ray Irani said it is likely that more oil would be found in the areas outside the initial six wells that tapped the discovery. Occidental has not revealed the exact location of the find, two-thirds of which is natural gas. BNET, an industry web publication, said the find would add to the company's 708 million barrels of proven reserves in California.[citation needed]

The county today contributes more than three-quarters of all the oil produced onshore in California.[83] Some of the large oil fields in Kern County which are still active include:

Public transportation[edit]

Meadows Field is the only airport in the county served by scheduled commercial passenger flights.

Outdoor recreational activities include horseback riding, water skiing (Lake Isabella, Lake Buena Vista, Lake Ming, and private ski ranches). Off-roading and other motorsports take place at Jawbone Canyon, California City, Randsburg, Willow Springs, Buttonwillow, Bakersfield Speedway, Famoso Raceway, and the half-mile Kevin Harvick's Kern Raceway. Hunting, paintball, white-water rafting, kayaking (Kern River), snow skiing (Shirley Meadows and Mount Pinos), shooting ranges (5 Dogs Range), hiking, biking (trails, paths, and roads), camping and fishing are also part of the recreational culture.

Kern County is served by stations based in Bakersfield, including:

California City, Ridgecrest, and other areas in the Mojave Desert regions of eastern Kern County may instead receive Los Angeles stations.

Population reported at 2010 United States census The County Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) Kern County 839,631 499,766 48,921 12,676 34,846 1,252 204,314 37,856 413,033 Incorporated
city Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) Arvin 19,304 10,247 192 240 155 6 7,655 809 17,892 Bakersfield 347,483 197,349 28,368 5,102 21,432 478 77,686 17,068 158,205 California City 14,120 9,188 2,150 132 367 59 1,431 793 5,385 Delano 53,041 19,304 4,191 501 6,757 30 20,307 1,951 37,913 Maricopa 1,154 958 1 27 16 2 112 38 232 McFarland 12,707 5,433 236 171 84 6 6,330 447 11,625 Ridgecrest 27,616 21,387 1,113 341 1,209 143 1,836 1,587 4,941 Shafter 16,988 8,150 219 198 111 19 7,645 646 13,634 Taft 9,327 7,388 396 118 93 65 1,023 244 3,353 Tehachapi 14,414 9,426 1,297 206 238 21 2,725 501 5,466 Wasco 25,545 12,579 1,951 283 180 12 9,714 826 19,585 Census-designated
place Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) Bear Valley Springs 5,172 4,776 74 46 57 3 89 127 399 Bodfish 1,956 1,758 4 50 13 3 49 79 189 Boron 2,253 1,746 162 49 47 4 141 104 406 Buttonwillow 1,508 534 36 11 10 0 890 27 1,183 Cherokee Strip 227 84 0 4 0 0 117 22 187 China Lake Acres 1,876 1,601 35 29 16 7 84 104 265 Derby Acres 322 289 0 1 0 0 23 9 36 Dustin Acres 652 539 4 9 1 0 71 28 129 Edmundson Acres 279 108 5 3 1 0 143 19 225 Edwards Air Force Base 2,063 1,518 165 16 99 10 96 159 355 Fellows 106 94 1 5 0 0 2 4 11 Ford City 4,278 2,735 28 153 36 32 1,113 181 1,971 Frazier Park 2,691 2,297 16 31 22 3 212 110 528 Fuller Acres 991 607 13 12 1 0 329 29 768 Golden Hills 8,656 7,235 129 124 120 15 670 363 1,674 Greenacres 5,566 4,612 49 116 70 8 511 200 1,119 Greenfield 3,991 2,512 71 63 45 1 1,112 187 2,263 Inyokern 1,099 930 14 24 25 2 49 55 116 Johannesburg 172 152 2 2 8 0 0 8 8 Keene 431 385 2 10 8 0 16 10 47 Kernville 1,395 1,257 1 19 7 0 33 78 82 Lake Isabella 3,466 3,069 6 96 18 7 73 197 339 Lake of the Woods 917 820 3 18 11 0 34 31 123 Lamont 15,120 6,677 130 230 72 9 7,351 651 14,293 Lebec 1,468 1,152 14 46 17 0 148 91 395 Lost Hills 2,412 132 5 1 17 1 2,232 24 2,354 McKittrick 115 101 1 1 0 0 7 5 9 Mettler 136 74 0 0 0 0 43 19 109 Mexican Colony 281 162 0 15 0 0 93 11 227 Mojave 4,238 2,381 638 54 53 19 867 226 1,592 Mountain Mesa 777 687 7 16 6 2 27 32 77 North Edwards 1,058 847 43 26 20 1 60 61 179 Oildale 32,684 27,463 255 590 316 30 2,635 1,395 6,301 Onyx 475 406 4 9 0 0 16 40 30 Pine Mountain Club 2,315 2,079 29 25 45 0 58 79 231 Randsburg 69 62 0 4 2 0 0 1 2 Rosamond 18,150 11,294 1,476 221 658 66 3,258 1,177 6,230 Rosedale 14,058 11,695 208 159 389 24 997 586 2,495 Smith Corner 524 227 10 3 2 3 263 16 440 South Taft 2,169 1,404 21 55 5 11 596 77 931 Squirrel Mountain Valley 547 509 2 9 1 0 13 13 22 Stallion Springs 2,488 2,239 30 26 32 7 79 75 285 Taft Heights 1,949 1,602 15 35 11 0 220 66 441 Tupman 161 149 0 0 0 0 2 10 12 Valley Acres 527 428 1 10 1 0 42 45 121 Weedpatch 2,658 1,212 8 78 14 0 1,237 109 2,484 Weldon 2,642 2,375 5 82 11 1 53 115 217 Wofford Heights 2,200 2,037 6 41 10 1 26 79 156 Other
unincorporated areas Total
Population White African
American Native
American Asian Pacific
Islander other
races two or
more races Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race) All others not CDPs (combined) 138,644 81,305 5,079 2,730 1,907 141 41,670 5,812 82,746 Census-designated places[edit] Unincorporated communities[edit] Population ranking[edit]

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Kern County.[89]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census) 1 † Bakersfield City 403,455 2 Delano City 51,428 3 Oildale CDP 36,135 4 Ridgecrest City 27,959 5 Wasco City 27,047 6 Rosamond CDP 20,961 7 Shafter City 19,953 8 Arvin City 19,495 9 Rosedale CDP 18,639 10 California City City 14,973 11 McFarland City 14,161 12 Lamont CDP 14,049 13 Tehachapi City 12,939 14 Golden Hills CDP 9,578 15 Taft City 8,546 16 Bear Valley Springs CDP 5,592 17 Greenacres CDP 5,496 18 Mojave CDP 4,699 19 Ford City CDP 4,348 20 Lake Isabella CDP 3,573 21 Greenfield CDP 3,447 22 Stallion Springs CDP 3,139 23 Frazier Park CDP 2,592 24 Pine Mountain Club CDP 2,422 25 Lost Hills CDP 2,370 26 Weldon CDP 2,303 27 Wofford Heights CDP 2,213 28 Weedpatch CDP 2,206 29 Edwards AFB CDP 2,135 30 South Taft CDP 2,100 31 Boron CDP 2,086 32 Bodfish CDP 2,008 33 Taft Heights CDP 1,999 34 China Lake Acres CDP 1,757 35 Kernville CDP 1,549 36 Buttonwillow CDP 1,337 37 Lebec CDP 1,239 38 North Edwards CDP 1,054 39 Maricopa City 1,026 40 Inyokern CDP 988 41 Fuller Acres CDP 917 42 Mountain Mesa CDP 823 43 Lake of the Woods CDP 790 44 Squirrel Mountain Valley CDP 760 45 Dustin Acres CDP 677 46 Smith Corner CDP 594 47 Valley Acres CDP 504 48 Keene CDP 469 49 Onyx CDP 457 50 Derby Acres CDP 301 51 Edmundson Acres CDP 296 52 Mexican Colony CDP 283 53 Cherokee Strip CDP 206 54 Tupman CDP 177 55 Johannesburg CDP 113 56 McKittrick CDP 102 57 Mettler CDP 90 58 Fellows CDP 52 59 Randsburg CDP 45

School districts include:[90]

Unified:

Secondary:

Elementary:

In popular culture[edit]

The 2015 Disney film McFarland, USA, starring Kevin Costner, is based on the cross-country team in the city of McFarland, California, which is located in northern Kern County.

  1. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
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