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Help:IPA/Hawaiian - Wikipedia
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Hawaiian
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hawaiian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Hawaiian phonology for more detail on the sounds of Hawaiian.
Consonants IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent h Honolulu hat k Kamehameha[1] sky l Honolulu, Lānaʻi[2] lean m Maui moon n Lānaʻi note p Pele spy t Waikīkī, wikiwiki[1] steal v wikiwiki[3] vision w Loa [ˈlowə], Kīlauea [tiːlɐwˈwɛjə][3] wall ʔ Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu uh-oh!
(a catch in the throat) Stress IPA Example Note ˈ Honolulu [honoˈlulu] placed before the stressed syllable[4] Vowels IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent aː Lānaʻi father ɐ Oʻahu, Molokaʻi[5] nut ə Hawaiʻi, Mauna Loa[5] sofa eː Kēōkea hey ɛ Pele[6] bed e Kahoʻolawe[6] Spanish seta iː Waikīkī beat (long) i wikiwiki beat (short) oː ʻōʻū more (long) o Honolulu more (short) uː ʻōʻū cool (long) u Honolulu cool (short) Diphthongs Short diphthongs ju kiu cue ow kākou mole o̯i poi queen ew heu roughly like go (some dialects[7]); Portuguese and Spanish neutro ej lei May ɐw Mauna[8] cow ɐj Waikīkī[8] light ɐo̯ haole Spanish caos ɐe̯ koaea Spanish trae Long diphthongs oːw ʻōuli American no way; RP, Aus, NZ Norway eːj kēia may you aːw kāu RP far west aːj kāia RP far younger aːo̯ ʻāoka crowd aːe̯ māea [example needed]
- ^ a b [k] and [t], spelled k, are variants of a single consonant. [k] is almost universal at the beginnings of words, while [t] is most common before the vowel i. [t] is also more common in the western dialects, as on Kauaʻi, while [k] predominates on the Big Island.
- ^ In some dialects the letter l tends to be pronounced [n], especially in words with an n in them. On the western islands it tends to be pronounced as a tap, [ɾ].
- ^ a b [w] and [v], spelled w, are variants of a single consonant. [w] is the norm after back vowels u, o, while [v] is the norm after front vowels i, e. Initially and after the central vowel a, as in Hawaiʻi, they are found in free variation. [w] also occurs, though it is usually not written, between a back vowel (u, o) and a non-back vowel (i, e, a).
- ^ Stress falls on the penultimate vowel, with diphthongs and long vowels counting as two (that is, a final long vowel or diphthong will be stressed). Longer words may have a second stressed vowel, whose position is not predictable.
- ^ a b Short a is pronounced [ɐ] when stressed and [ə] when not.
- ^ a b Short e is [ɛ] when stressed and generally when next to l, n, or another syllable with a [ɛ]; otherwise it is [e].
- ^ These dialects include Southern England (including Received Pronunciation), English Midlands, Australian, New Zealand, the Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and younger Californian English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms of American, Northern England, Welsh, Scottish and Irish English, have no close equivalent vowel.
- ^ a b In rapid speech, /ɐw/ and /ɐj/ tend to be pronounced [ɔw] and [ɛj], respectively.
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