From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Unit of plane angle where a full circle equals 1
TurnCounterclockwise
rotationsabout the center point starting from the right, where a complete rotation corresponds to an angle of rotation of 1 turn.
Unit of Plane angle Symbol tr, pla, rev, cyc 1 tr in ... ... is equal to ... radians 2π radThe turn (symbol tr or pla) is a unit of plane angle measurement that is the measure of a complete angle—the angle subtended by a complete circle at its center. One turn is equal to 2π radians, 360 degrees or 400 gradians. As an angular unit, one turn also corresponds to one cycle (symbol cyc or c)[1] or to one revolution (symbol rev or r).[2] Common related units of frequency are cycles per second (cps) and revolutions per minute (rpm). The angular unit of the turn is useful in connection with, among other things, electromagnetic coils (e.g., transformers), rotating objects, and the winding number of curves. Divisions of a turn include the half-turn and quarter-turn, spanning a straight angle and a right angle, respectively; metric prefixes can also be used as in, e.g., centiturns (ctr), milliturns (mtr), etc.
In the ISQ, an arbitrary "number of turns" (also known as "number of revolutions" or "number of cycles") is formalized as a dimensionless quantity called rotation, defined as the ratio of a given angle and a full turn. It is represented by the symbol N. (See below for the formula.)
Because one turn is 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } radians, some have proposed representing 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } with the single letter 𝜏 (tau).[3]
There are several unit symbols for the turn.
EU and Switzerland[edit]The German standard DIN 1315 (March 1974) proposed the unit symbol "pla" (from Latin: plenus angulus 'full angle') for turns.[4][5] Covered in DIN 1301-1 [de] (October 2010), the so-called Vollwinkel ('full angle') is not an SI unit. However, it is a legal unit of measurement in the EU[6][7] and Switzerland.[8]
The scientific calculators HP 39gII and HP Prime support the unit symbol "tr" for turns since 2011 and 2013, respectively. Support for "tr" was also added to newRPL for the HP 50g in 2016, and for the hp 39g+, HP 49g+, HP 39gs, and HP 40gs in 2017.[9][10] An angular mode TURN was suggested for the WP 43S as well,[11] but the calculator instead implements "MULπ" (multiples of π) as mode and unit since 2019.[12][13]
Many angle units are defined as a division of the turn. For example, the degree is defined such that one turn is 360 degrees.
Using metric prefixes, the turn can be divided in 100 centiturns or 1000 milliturns, with each milliturn corresponding to an angle of 0.36°, which can also be written as 21′ 36″.[14][15] A protractor divided in centiturns is normally called a "percentage protractor". While percentage protractors have existed since 1922,[16] the terms centiturns, milliturns and microturns were introduced much later by the British astronomer Fred Hoyle in 1962.[14][15] Some measurement devices for artillery and satellite watching carry milliturn scales.[17][18]
Binary fractions of a turn are also used. Sailors have traditionally divided a turn into 32 compass points, which implicitly have an angular separation of 1/32 turn. The binary degree, also known as the binary radian (or brad), is 1/256 turn.[19] The binary degree is used in computing so that an angle can be represented to the maximum possible precision in a single byte. Other measures of angle used in computing may be based on dividing one whole turn into 2n equal parts for other values of n.[20]
The circumference of the unit circle (whose radius is one) is 2π.One turn is equal to 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } = τ {\displaystyle \tau } ≈ 6.283185307179586[21] radians, 360 degrees, or 400 gradians.
Conversion of common angles Turns Radians Degrees Gradians 0 turn 0 rad 0° 0g 1/72 turn 𝜏/72 rad π/36 rad 5° 5+5/9g 1/24 turn 𝜏/24 rad π/12 rad 15° 16+2/3g 1/16 turn 𝜏/16 rad π/8 rad 22.5° 25g 1/12 turn 𝜏/12 rad π/6 rad 30° 33+1/3g 1/10 turn 𝜏/10 rad π/5 rad 36° 40g 1/8 turn 𝜏/8 rad π/4 rad 45° 50g 1/2π turn 1 rad c. 57.3° c. 63.7g 1/6 turn 𝜏/6 rad π/3 rad 60° 66+2/3g 1/5 turn 𝜏/5 rad 2π/5 rad 72° 80g 1/4 turn 𝜏/4 rad π/2 rad 90° 100g 1/3 turn 𝜏/3 rad 2π/3 rad 120° 133+1/3g 2/5 turn 2𝜏/5 rad 4π/5 rad 144° 160g 1/2 turn 𝜏/2 rad π rad 180° 200g 3/4 turn 3𝜏/4 rad 3π/2 rad 270° 300g 1 turn 𝜏 rad 2π rad 360° 400g RotationOther names
number of revolutions, number of cycles, number of turns, number of rotationsCommon symbols
N SI unit Unitless Dimension 1In the International System of Quantities (ISQ), rotation (symbol N) is a physical quantity defined as number of revolutions:[22]
N is the number (not necessarily an integer) of revolutions, for example, of a rotating body about a given axis. Its value is given by:
- N = φ 2 π rad {\displaystyle N={\frac {\varphi }{2\pi {\text{ rad}}}}}
where 𝜑 denotes the measure of rotational displacement.
The above definition is part of the ISQ, formalized in the international standard ISO 80000-3 (Space and time),[22] and adopted in the International System of Units (SI).[23][24]
Rotation count or number of revolutions is a quantity of dimension one, resulting from a ratio of angular displacement. It can be negative and also greater than 1 in modulus. The relationship between quantity rotation, N, and unit turns, tr, can be expressed as:
where {𝜑}tr is the numerical value of the angle 𝜑 in units of turns (see Physical quantity § Components).
In the ISQ/SI, rotation is used to derive rotational frequency (the rate of change of rotation with respect to time), denoted by n:
The SI unit of rotational frequency is the reciprocal second (s−1). Common related units of frequency are hertz (Hz), cycles per second (cps), and revolutions per minute (rpm).
Revolution Unit of Rotation Symbol rev, r, cyc, c 1 rev in ... ... is equal to ... Base units 1The superseded version ISO 80000-3:2006 defined "revolution" as a special name for the dimensionless unit "one",[a] which also received other special names, such as the radian.[b] Despite their dimensional homogeneity, these two specially named dimensionless units are applicable for non-comparable kinds of quantity: rotation and angle, respectively.[26] "Cycle" is also mentioned in ISO 80000-3, in the definition of period.[c]
[…] I'd like to see a TURN mode being implemented as well. TURN mode works exactly like DEG, RAD and GRAD (including having a full set of angle unit conversion functions like on the WP 34S), except for that a full circle doesn't equal 360 degree, 6.2831... rad or 400 gon, but 1 turn. (I […] found it to be really convenient in engineering/programming, where you often have to convert to/from other unit representations […] But I think it can also be useful for educational purposes. […]) Having the angle of a full circle normalized to 1 allows for easier conversions to/from a whole bunch of other angle units […]
RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4